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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Mar 15.
Published in final edited form as: Methods Mol Biol. 2018;1846:97–129. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8712-2_7

Fig. 13.

Fig. 13

Valve back-leak test. Experimental traces showing Psn recordings during back-leak tests on normal (a), intermediate (b), and abnormally leaky valves (c). Pin: inflow pipette pressure; Pout: outflow pipette pressure; Psn; servo-nulling micropipette pressure