Table 2.
Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis of factors associated with non-fatal overdose among people who use illicit drugs in Vancouver, Canada (N = 1059)
| Unadjusted | Adjusted | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Odds Ratio (95% CI) |
p - value | Odds Ratio (95% CI) |
p - value |
| Provisional PTSD diagnosis | ||||
| (yes vs. no) | 2.17 (1.56 – 3.02) | <0.001 | 1.98 (1.41 – 2.79) | <0.001 |
| Age | ||||
| (Median split) | 0.54 (0.39 – 0.76) | <0.001 | - | - |
| Gender | ||||
| (Male vs. non-male) | 1.16 (0.81 – 1.64) | 0.417 | - | - |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| (White vs. non-white) | 0.89 (0.64 – 1.23) | 0.477 | - | - |
| Homelessness* | ||||
| (yes vs. no) | 3.25 (2.29 – 4.59) | <0.001 | - | - |
| Incarceration* | ||||
| (yes vs. no) | 3.15 (1.86 – 5.33) | <0.001 | - | - |
| Public injection drug use* | ||||
| (yes vs. no) | 3.69 (2.62 – 5.21) | <0.001 | 3.49 (2.46 – 4.94) | <0.001 |
| Needed help injecting drugs* | ||||
| (yes vs. no) | 3.18 (2.17 – 4.65) | <0.001 | - | - |
| Daily heroin injection* | ||||
| (yes vs. no) | 1.99 (1.37 – 2.90) | <0.001 | - | - |
| Daily stimulant injection* | ||||
| (yes vs. no) | 1.95 (1.29 – 2.96) | 0.002 | - | - |
| Daily prescription opioid use* | ||||
| (yes vs. no) | 2.67 (1.13 – 6.35) | 0.026 | - | - |
| Daily alcohol use* | ||||
| (yes vs. no) | 1.25 (0.72 – 2.18) | 0.432 | - | - |
| Opioid agonist treatment* | ||||
| (yes vs. no) | 1.19 (0.86 – 1.65) | 0.303 | - | - |
*
Activities in the previous 6 months