Table 3. Assessments of select fetal surgical therapies and their availability in Japan.
| Therapy | Assessment | Availability | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Percutaneous ultrasound guided surgery | ||||
| Intrauterine blood transfusion | A | Y | ||
| Shunt | ||||
| Lower urinary tract obstruction | B | Y | ||
| Hydrothorax | A | Y | ||
| Radiofrequency ablation | ||||
| Twin reversed arterial perfusion sequence | A | Y | ||
| Intracardiac catheter | ||||
| Critical aortic stenosis, critical pulmonary stenosis | C | Y | ||
| Fetoscopic surgery | ||||
| Fetoscopic laser surgery | AA | Y | ||
| Fetoscopic endoluminal tracheal occlusion | B | Y | ||
| Cystoscopic laser for lower urinary tract obstruction | C | N | ||
| Myelomeningocele repair | C | N | ||
| Open fetal surgery | ||||
| Myelomeningocele repair | AA | N | ||
| Congenital pulmonary airway malformation | C | N* | ||
AA, effective by randomized control trial; A, effective; B, expected; C, unknown; N, no; Y, yes.
*Only one case underwent [58].