Table 1.
Case characteristics, rates of vital signs and subgroup assessments by age group.
| Pediatric | Adult | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neonate | Infant | Toddler | Early childhood | Middle childhood | Adolescent | ||
| Demographics | |||||||
| Number | 359 (0.1%) | 2,473 (0.7%) | 2,286 (0.6%) | 4,452 (1.2%) | 4,451 (1.2%) | 7,862 (2.1%) | 349,863 (94.1%) |
| No. male/total (%) | 167/338 (49.4%) | 1,386/2,457 (56.4%) | 1,332/2,272 (58.6%) | 2,529/4,435 (57.0%) | 2,494/4,430 (56.3%) | 3,631/7,814 (46.5%) | 152,375/348,417 (43.7%) |
| EMS characteristics | |||||||
| Mean response time (min) [mean (SD)] |
8.8 (6.0) | 9.2 (5.1) | 9.2 (5.0) | 9.2 (5.3) | 9.0 (5.3) | 8.8 (5.3) | 9.2 (5.8) |
| Time at scene (min) [mean (SD)] |
13.5 (10.1) | 11.3 (7.0) | 10.9 (6.5) | 10.9 (6.8) | 12.4 (7.9) | 12.8 (8.1) | 15.5 (9.0) |
| Transport time (min) [mean (SD)] |
17.6 (10.3) | 18.6 (11.3) | 18.5 (11.2) | 18.0 (11.2) | 18.4 (12.1) | 16.6 (11.0) | 13.9 (9.1) |
| Lights and siren use [number/total (%)] |
117/358 (32.7%) | 547/2,468 (22.2%) | 529/2,282 (23.2%) | 1,033/4,446 (23.2%) | 902/4,437 (20.3%) | 1,537/7,846 (19.6%) | 69,578/349,077 (19.9%) |
| ALS Transport [number/total (%)] |
354/358 (98.9%) | 2,438/2,471 (98.7%) | 2,242/2,284 (98.2%) | 4,349/4,446 (98.3%) | 4,344/4,447 (97.4%) | 337,469/349,12 2 (96.7%) |
358,860/370,973 (96.7%) |
| Medical category | |||||||
| General medical | 123 (34.4%) | 1,279 (51.7%) | 884 (38.7%) | 1,524 (34.3%) | 1,034 (23.3%) | 1,542 (19.6%) | 108,796 (31.3%) |
| Trauma | 23 (6.2%) | 282 (11.4%) | 373 (16.3%) | 1,143 (25.7%) | 1,499 (33.8%) | 2,390 (30.4%) | 58,759 (16.9%) |
| Respiratory/airway | 104 (29.1%) | 524 (21.2%) | 354 (15.5%) | 655 (14.7%) | 492 (11.1%) | 530 (6.8%) | 34,472 (9.9%) |
| Allergic | 0 (0.0%) | 42 (1.7%) | 56 (2.5%) | 108 (2.4%) | 111 (2.5%) | 142 (1.8%) | 1,855 (0.5%) |
| Gastrointestinal | 13 (3.6%) | 63 (2.6%) | 50 (2.2%) | 193 (4.3%) | 232 (5.2%) | 515 (6.6%) | 29,599 (8.5%) |
| Cardiovascular | 1 (0.3%) | 5 (0.2%) | 5 (0.2%) | 12 (0.3%) | 60 (1.4%) | 164 (2.1%) | 24,387 (7.0%) |
| Neurological | 7 (2.0%) | 106 (4.3%) | 343 (15.0%) | 461 (10.4%) | 492 (11.1%) | 595 (7.6%) | 26,587 (7.6%) |
| Psychiatric/behavioral | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.0%) | 5 (0.1%) | 240 (5.4%) | 717 (9.1%) | 9,465 (2.7%) |
| Toxicological | 1 (0.3%) | 15 (0.6%) | 58 (2.6%) | 86 (1.9%) | 28 (0.6%) | 406 (5.2%) | 15,564 (4.5%) |
| Dizziness/syncope | 3 (0.8%) | 26 (1.1%) | 30 (1.3%) | 44 (1.0%) | 112 (2.5%) | 427 (5.4%) | 17,537 (5.0%) |
| Other | 78 (21.8%) | 115 (4.7%) | 121 (5.3%) | 188 (4.2%) | 122 (2.8%) | 397 (5.1%) | 18,403 (5.3%) |
| Unknown | 5 (1.4%) | 15 (0.6%) | 11 (0.5%) | 31 (0.7%) | 19 (0.4%) | 26 (0.3%) | 2,347 (0.7%) |
| Vital sign assessments | |||||||
| Heart rate | 310 (86.4%) | 2,368 (95.8%) | 2,198 (96.2%) | 4,331 (97.3%) | 4,364 (98.1%) | 7,802 (99.2%) | 347,042 (99.1%) |
| Systolic blood pressure | 181 (50.4%) | 1,705 (68.9%) | 1,805 (79.0%) | 3,949 (88.7%) | 4,299 (96.6%) | 7,782 (99.0%) | 345,996 (98.9%) |
| Respiratory rate | 302 (84.1%) | 2,324 (94.0%) | 2,167 (94.8%) | 4,269 (95.9%) | 4,313 (96.9%) | 7,734 (98.4%) | 343,485 (98.2%) |
| All three vital signs | 178 (49.6%) | 1,687 (68.2%) | 1,786 (78.1%) | 3,892 (87.4%) | 4,241 (95.3%) | 7,701 (98.0%) | 341,893 (97.7%) |
| Respiratory patients | |||||||
| Pulse oximetry | 65 (62.5%) | 413 (78.8%) | 321 (90.7%) | 631 (96.3%) | 489 (99.4%) | 525 (99.1%) | 33,833 (98.2%) |
| Lung sound assessment | 95 (91.4%) | 494 (94.3%) | 326 (92.1%) | 620 (94.7%) | 471 (95.7%) | 504 (95.1%) | 33,176 (96.2%) |
| Trauma patients | |||||||
| Pain score | 1 (4.4%) | 44 (15.6%) | 48 (12.9%) | 281 (24.6%) | 555 (37.0%) | 1,070 (44.8%) | 23,628 (40.2%) |
| GCS assessment | 20 (87.0%) | 281 (99.7%) | 368 (98.7%) | 1,131 (99.0%) | 1,487 (99.2%) | 2,378 (99.5%) | 58,293 (99.2%) |
| Cardiac | |||||||
| Monitor placement | 0 (0.0%) | 5 (100.0%) | 4 (80.0%) | 10 (83.3%) | 36 (60.0%) | 139 (84.8%) | 23,002 (94.3%) |
SD, standard deviation; ALS, Advanced life support; min, minutes; GCS, Glasgow coma scale