Figure 7. Molecular mechanisms of nerve injury‐induced spinal cord microglia activation.
Peripheral nerve injury upregulates GT1b in the injured sensory neurons, which are intra‐axonally transported to and released in the spinal cord. In the spinal cord, GT1b functions as an endogenous agonist of microglial TLR2, activates p38 MAP kinase, and induces pain‐mediating proinflammatory cytokines (Il1b and Tnf), Bdnf, NO, and ROS production. These factors contribute to pain central sensitization.