Table 2.

Univariate and multivariate survival analyses of LIF and clinicopathological parameters in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Factor	Hazard Ratio (95% CI)	p-Value a
Univariate
Cancer locations (palatal vs. buccal and lip)	4.95 (0.92–26.88)	0.062
Cancer locations (palatal vs. gingival)	3.52 (0.46–26.73)	0.22
Cancer locations (palatal vs. tongue)	4.18 (0.53–32.68)	0.172
T status (T3 + T4 vs. T1 + T2)	1.44 (0.30–6.94)	0.217
N status (N2 + N3 vs. N0)	2.78 (0.37–20.45)	0.314
N status (N2 + N3 vs. N1)	2.91 (1.04–8.06)	0.041 *
Clinical staging (stages 3 + 4 vs. 1 + 2)	0.48 (0.06–3.64)	0.481
Histological differentiation (poor vs. well)	13.10 (1.35–127.41)	0.027 *
Histological differentiation (moderate vs. well)	1.17 (0.31–4.33)	0.81
DOI (>10 mm vs. 5–9 mm)	5.43 (1.58–18.66)	0.007 *
DOI (>10 mm vs. <5 mm)	16.08 (2.96–87.71)	0.001 *
Margin status (margin involved vs. A > 5 mm)	1.88 (0.38–9.26)	0.435
Margin status (margin involved vs. closed < 5 mm)	4.95 (0.71–34.48)	0.104
PNI (negative vs. positive)	0.87 (0.28–2.72)	0.817
LIF label index (3 + 4 vs. 0)	8.84 (5.71–136.99)	0.001 *
LIF label index (3 + 4 vs. 1 + 2)	1.36 (0.0–2.7)	0.05
Multivariate
LIF Label index (3 + 4 vs. 0)	6.83 (2.88–133.68)	0.026 *

^a Based on a Cox regression—proportion hazards model test. Abbreviation: CI—confidence interval. PNI: Perineural Invasion. (* p < 0.05).