Table 3.
Correlation between LIF expression and habits of betel nut chewing and tobacco smoking.
| Clinicopathological Parameters | Degree of LIF Staining | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 (n = 32) | 1 or 2 (n = 22) | 3 or 4 (n = 46) | p-Value a | |
| Daily alcohol consumption | ||||
| Nondrinkers | 6 (18.8%) | 5 (22.7%) | 10 (21.7%) | 0.997 |
| ≤3500 mL | 17 (53.1%) | 11 (50%) | 23 (50.00%) | |
| >3500 mL | 9 (28.1%) | 6 (27.3%) | 13 (28.3%) | |
| Duration of drinking alcohol | ||||
| Nondrinkers | 6 (18.8%) | 5 (22.7%) | 10 (21.7%) | 0.794 |
| ≤10 years | 7 (21.9%) | 7 (31.8%) | 9 (19.6%) | |
| >10 years | 19 (59.3%) | 10 (45.5%) | 27 (58.7%) | |
| Daily AQ consumption | ||||
| Nonchewers | 10 (31.3%) | 4 (18.2%) | 5 (10.9%) | 0.176 |
| ≤10 quids | 10 (31.2%) | 7 (31.8%) | 22 (47.8%) | |
| >10 quids | 12 (37.5%) | 11 (50%) | 19 (41.3%) | |
| Duration of chewing AQs | ||||
| Nonchewers | 10 (31.3%) | 4 (18.2%) | 5 (10.9%) | 0.219 |
| ≤10 years | 5 (15.6%) | 6 (27.3%) | 13 (28.3%) | |
| >10 years | 17 (53.1%) | 12 (54.5%) | 28 (60.8%) | |
| Daily cigarette consumption | ||||
| Nonsmokers | 6 (18.8%) | 3 (13.6%) | 8 (17.4%) | 0.487 |
| ≤1 pack | 17 (53.1%) | 15 (68.2%) | 21 (45.6%) | |
| >1 pack | 9 (28.1%) | 4 (18.2%) | 17 (37.0%) | |
| Duration of smoking | ||||
| Nonsmokers | 6 (18.8%) | 3 (13.6%) | 8 (17.4%) | 0.092 |
| ≤10 years | 2 (6.2%) | 2 (9.1%) | 4 (8.7%) | |
| >10 years | 24 (75%) | 17 (77.2%) | 34 (73.9%) | |
a Based on a chi-square test. Abbreviation: AQ—areca quid.