Table 2.
Physicochemical analysis to treatments of Hibiscus extracts (Hibiscus sabdariffa) spray-drying with different proportions of MD and GA 1.
| Treatment | EY 2 (%) | EE 3 (%) | Moisture (%) | Aw | pH | Solubility (%) | Wettability (min) | Bulk Density (g/cm3) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | 61.88 ± 0.93 b | 86.58± 0.95 bc | 4.89 ± 0.87 abc | 0.27 ± 0 b | 3.09 ± 0.01 e | 89.22 ± 2.0 a | 5.14 ± 0.03 ab | 0.35 ± 0.02 f |
| T2 | 89.38 ± 1.04 g | 85.45± 4.47 bc | 5.97 ± 0.86 c | 0.23 ± 0 a | 2.75 ± 0.01 c | 77.11 ± 5.97 a | 4.76 ± 0.42 ab | 0.44 ± 0.01 cde |
| T3 | 73.53 ± 1.01 a | 87.93± 2.94 c | 9.55 ± 0.41 f | 0.38 ± 0 h | 2.70 ± 0.01 b | 83.82 ± 3.24 a | 2.95 ± 0.16 a | 0.43 ± 0.03 bcd |
| T4 | 86.34 ± 0.05 f | 86.70± 2.23 bc | 5.19 ± 0.62 bc | 0.35 ± 0 e | 2.65 ± 0.01 a | 86.06 ±0.33 a | 3.08 ± 1.51 a | 0.48 ± 0.03 e |
| T5 | 69.01 ± 0.42 c | 88.48± 0.73 c | 8.06 ± 0.66 e | 0.36 ± 0 f | 2.65 ± 0.01 a | 82.23 ± 3.05 a | 3.92 ± 0.46 a | 0.46 ± 0.03 de |
| T6 | 74.80 ± 0.68 d | 82.61± 0.18 ab | 4.49 ± 0.58 ab | 0.29 ± 0 d | 3.55 ± 0.01 g | 90.82 ± 1.42 a | 6.19 ± 2.97 ab | 0.42 ± 0.03 abc |
| T7 | 84.40 ± 0.28 e | 80.95± 1.13 a | 3.76 ± 0.35 ad | 0.28 ± 0 c | 3.19 ± 0.01 f | 89.71 ± 2.01 a | 7.72 ± 0.42 b | 0.40 ± 0.01 ab |
| T8 | 72.53 ± 0.59 a | 85.36± 2.02 abc | 2.77 ± 0.84 d | 0.37 ± 0 g | 2.80 ± 0.01 d | 90.76 ± 0.76 a | 4.83 ± 2.23 ab | 0.38 ± 0.02 af |
1 Values are the mean ± standard deviation (n = 3). Different letters in each column indicate a significant difference. Mean analyzed by LSD (p < 0.05). 2 EY: Encapsulation yield. 3 EE: Encapsulation efficiency, NA, not apply. T1: 1% Hibiscus, ethanol 20%, decoction, extract:carrier 1:1, carrier ratio 90:10, 10,000 rpm, 110 °C.