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. 2020 Feb 20;9(2):579. doi: 10.3390/jcm9020579

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Distributions of variables of interests (means ± standards deviations) at baseline and after adenotonsillectomy (AT). (a) Body mass index (BMI) significantly differed between the non-obese with non-severe OSA (nO-nS) and obese with non-severe OSA (O-nS) subgroups, between the nO-nS and obese with severe OSA (O-S) subgroups, between the non-obese with severe OSA (nO-S) and O-nS subgroups, and between the nO-S and O-S subgroups at baseline. After AT, BMI z-score significantly increased in the nO-S subgroup. However, post-AT BMI z-score significantly differed between the nO-nS and O-nS subgroups, between the nO-nS and O-S subgroups, between the nO-S and O-nS subgroups, and between the nO-S and O-S subgroups. (b) The obstructive apnea-hypopnea index (OAHI) significantly differed between the nO-nS and nO-S subgroups, between the nO-nS and O-S subgroups, between the nO-S and O-nS subgroups, and between the O-nS and O-S subgroups at baseline. After AT, OAHI significantly decreased in the nO-nS, nO-S, and O-S subgroups. Therefore, post-AT AHI only significantly differed between the nO-nS and O-nS subgroups. (c) The obstructive apnea index (OAI) significantly differed between the nO-nS and nO-S subgroups and between the nO-S and O-nS subgroups at baseline. After AT, OAI significantly decreased in the nO-nS and O-S subgroups. However, post-AT AHIs were equal across the four subgroups. (d) The levels of interleukin (IL)-6 significantly differed between the nO-nS and O-S subgroups, and the O-nS and O-S subgroups at baseline. After AT, the intra-group and inter-group differences in the levels of IL-6 were not statistically significant. (e) The levels of IL-9 significantly differed between the nO-nS and O-nS subgroups at baseline. After AT, the intra-group and inter-group differences in the levels of IL-9 were not statistically significant. (f) The levels of basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF) significantly differed between the nO-S and O-nS subgroups. After AT, the intra-group and inter-group differences in the levels of basic FGF were not statistically significant. (g) The levels of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB significantly differed between the nO-S and O-nS subgroups. After AT, PDGF-BB significantly decreased in the nO-nS and nO-S subgroups. However, the inter-group differences in the levels of basic FGF after AT were not statistically significant. (h) The levels of regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) significantly differed between the nO-S and O-nS subgroups. After AT, RANTES significantly decreased in the nO-nS, nO-S, and O-S subgroups. However, the inter-group differences in the levels of RANTES after AT were not statistically significant.