Table 2.
Inflammatory biomarkers across subgroups at baseline.
| Variables | nO-nS | nO-S | O-nS | O-S | p-Value 1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients | n = 24 | n = 11 | n = 14 | n = 11 | |
| IL-1β (pg/mL) | 0.7 (0.6) | 0.8 (0.9) | 0.5 (0.8) | 1.0 (0.9) | 0.45 |
| IL-1ra (pg/mL) | 131.3 (69.1) | 157.0 (83.9) | 195.9 (231.0) | 223.9 (128.5) | 0.25 |
| IL-2 (pg/mL) | 3.5 (2.0) | 3.8 (2.6) | 1.9 (2.1) | 3.2 (2.1) | 0.13 |
| IL-4 (pg/mL) | 3.0 (1.2) | 3.1 (0.9) | 2.0 (1.4) | 2.4 (1.2) | 0.07 |
| IL-5 (pg/mL) | 11.9 (9.0) | 14.7 (22.9) | 5.0 (7.8) | 20.2 (23.0) | 0.11 |
| IL-6 (pg/mL) | 1.8 (1.3) 2 | 1.7 (1.5) | 1.1 (1.1) 4 | 5.4 (8.1) 2,4 | 0.02 |
| IL-7 (pg/mL) | 8.6 (5.7) | 8.2 (5.4) | 6.4 (6.9) | 5.9 (3.6) | 0.47 |
| IL-8 (pg/mL) | 7.7 (4.9) | 6.1 (1.9) | 5.1 (2.8) | 5.7 (1.7) | 0.16 |
| IL-9 (pg/mL) | 112.0 (43.4) 2 | 112.6 (44.8) | 62.8 (65.1) 2 | 83.0 (47.5) | 0.02 |
| IL-10 (pg/mL) | 1.4 (2.2) | 1.1 (2.8) | 1.2 (2.0) | 0.9 (1.6) | 0.94 |
| IL-12 (pg/mL) | 2.0 (2.6) | 3.4 (8.4) | 0.7 (0.9) | 2.6 (3.9) | 0.47 |
| IL-13 (pg/mL) | 1.3 (2.7) | 0.8 (1.0) | 1.0 (1.4) | 1.1 (1.4) | 0.93 |
| IL-15 (pg/mL) | 44.0 (55.0) | 50.3 (51.5) | 33.5 (29.1) | 54.3 (51.5) | 0.73 |
| IL-17 (pg/mL) | 17.3 (9.0) | 17.9 (8.4) | 10.2 (9.7) | 18.1 (9.3) | 0.08 |
| Eotaxin (pg/mL) | 68.1 (43.5) | 72.1 (34.6) | 61.7 (39.4) | 64.3 (34.0) | 0.92 |
| Basic-FGF (pg/mL) | 32.0 (8.6) 2 | 31.5 (11.3) | 20.6 (13.7) 2 | 29.0 (14.1) | 0.03 |
| G-CSF (pg/mL) | 108.7 (87.5) | 102.5 (88.0) | 45.0 (77.2) | 39.7 (75.2) | 0.05 |
| GM-CSF (pg/mL) | 1.5 (1.9) | 1.2 (2.1) | 0.7 (1.0) | 2.4 (1.9) | 0.15 |
| Interferon-γ (pg/mL) | 5.4 (4.8) | 6.3 (6.6) | 3.9 (5.0) | 8.7 (5.5) | 0.16 |
| IP-10 (pg/mL) | 920.1 (625.6) | 733.5 (389.6) | 1780.4 (4034.5) | 1330.7 (1135.6) | 0.54 |
| MCP-1 (pg/mL) | 38.5 (16.7) | 36.7 (17.2) | 39.2 (47.6) | 31.3 (10.8) | 0.88 |
| MIP-1α (pg/mL) | 2.1 (1.3) | 1.9 (1.0) | 1.5 (0.9) | 1.9 (0.7) | 0.55 |
| MIP-1β (pg/mL) | 135.5 (36.1) | 126.7 (28.1) | 117.1 (24.2) | 128.2 (25.8) | 0.36 |
| PDGF-BB (pg/mL) | 7490.6 (2432.8) | 8283.6 (2713.4) 3 | 5287.8 (3248.3) 3 | 5821.6 (2592.6) | 0.02 |
| RANTES (pg/mL) | 23757.4 (10285.4) | 26681.1 (9835.8) 3 | 15223.4 (7847.7) 3 | 22973.0 (10319.2) | 0.02 |
| TNF-α (pg/mL) | 45.9 (19.2) | 44.9 (19.3) | 38.8 (22.8) | 47.9 (18.9) | 0.67 |
| VEGF (pg/mL) | 60.8 (91.5) | 33.5 (45.6) | 43.2 (28.7) | 25.4 (33.6) | 0.43 |
Data are summarized as means (standard deviations). Abbreviations: FGF: fibroblast growth factor; G-CSF: granulocyte-colony stimulating factor; GM-CSF: granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; IL: interleukin; IP: interferon gamma-induced protein; MCP: monocyte chemotactic protein; MIP: macrophage inflammatory protein; nO-nS: non-obese with non-severe OSA; nO-S: non-obese with severe OSA; O-nS: obese with non-severe OSA; O-S: obese with severe OSA; OSA: obstructive sleep apnea; PDGF: platelet-derived growth factor; RANTES: regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted; TNF: tumor necrosis factor; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor. 1 Data were compared using one-way analysis of variance with post-hoc Tukey’s honestly significant difference tests. 2 p-value < 0.05 when the variable in the nO-nS subgroup was compared with the nO-S, O-nS, or O-S subgroup. 3 p-value < 0.05 when the variable in the nO-S subgroup was compared with the O-nS or O-S subgroup. 4 p-value < 0.05 when the variable in the O-nS subgroup was compared with the O-S subgroup. Significant p-values are marked in bold.