Table 4.
Inflammatory biomarkers across subgroups at least 3 months after AT.
| Variables | nO-nS | nO-S | O-nS | O-S | p-Value 1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients | n = 24 | n = 11 | n = 14 | n = 11 | |
| IL-1β (pg/mL) | 0.3 (0.2) * | 0.3 (0.2) | 0.3 (0.2) | 0.3 (0.3) * | 0.83 |
| IL-1ra (pg/mL) | 93.6 (48.5) * | 94.7 (66.7) * | 146.3 (99.8) | 132.9 (76.4) * | 0.11 |
| IL-2 (pg/mL) | 2.1 (1.4) * | 1.9 (1.3) | 1.5 (1.2) | 2.1 (1.6) | 0.51 |
| IL-4 (pg/mL) | 2.0 (1.0) * | 1.8 (1.0) * | 2.0 (1.0) | 1.5 (0.9) * | 0.49 |
| IL-5 (pg/mL) | 4.1 (4.1) * | 5.1 (9.7) | 4.1 (4.3) | 13.5 (23.9) | 0.13 |
| IL-6 (pg/mL) | 1.7 (3.1) | 0.8 (0.9) | 1.1 (0.8) | 2.9 (4.9) | 0.35 |
| IL-7 (pg/mL) | 8.0 (5.7) | 9.0 (7.4) | 7.9 (6.5) | 3.4 (2.3) | 0.11 |
| IL-8 (pg/mL) | 4.3 (2.3) * | 4.4 (2.2) | 3.6 (1.7) | 4.1 (2.7) | 0.77 |
| IL-9 (pg/mL) | 98.5 (36.6) | 87.5 (56.3) | 94.6 (56.3) | 68.6 (44.0) | 0.36 |
| IL-10 (pg/mL) | 0.4 (0.2) * | 0.4 (0.2) | 0.4 (0.2) | 0.3 (0.2) | 0.29 |
| IL-12 (pg/mL) | 0.9 (1.1) | 2.2 (4.8) | 0.4 (0.4) | 2.5 (4.7) | 0.22 |
| IL-13 (pg/mL) | 0.7 (0.7) * | 0.7 (0.9) | 0.8 (1.0) | 0.8 (1.0) | 0.97 |
| IL-15 (pg/mL) | 23.2 (48.8) * | 21.7 (14.8) | 16.0 (14.1) * | 38.8 (70.1) | 0.63 |
| IL-17 (pg/mL) | 11.7 (6.5) * | 9.0 (5.6) * | 10.9 (7.0) | 13.3 (9.0) | 0.54 |
| Eotaxin (pg/mL) | 46.2 (20.9) * | 44.7 (16.1) * | 50.2 (22.2) | 48.6 (28.2) * | 0.92 |
| Basic-FGF (pg/mL) | 29.0 (14.1) | 29.5 (17.2) | 24.6 (15.6) | 23.0 (19.6) | 0.65 |
| G-CSF (pg/mL) | 84.6 (84.3) | 69.0 (77.5) * | 82.2 (90.1) | 18.0 (36.8) | 0.12 |
| GM-CSF (pg/mL) | 0.6 (0.9) * | 0.5 (0.6) | 0.4 (0.4) | 1.9 (4.0) | 0.18 |
| Interferon-γ (pg/mL) | 4.0 (3.3) | 3.2 (2.9) | 3.5 (2.8) | 7.6 (11.7) | 0.20 |
| IP-10 (pg/mL) | 630.8 (485.9) * | 496.1 (288.9) * | 564.6 (301.9) | 740.4 (392.6) | 0.52 |
| MCP-1 (pg/mL) | 17.9 (9.5) * | 15.2 (8.1) * | 21.1 (12.0) | 16.8 (6.6) * | 0.46 |
| MIP-1α (pg/mL) | 1.5 (1.7) * | 1.8 (1.3) | 1.1 (0.6) | 1.5 (0.7) | 0.61 |
| MIP-1β (pg/mL) | 120.9 (27.2) * | 113.3 (18.6) | 113.2 (19.0) | 124.5 (20.5) | 0.51 |
| PDGF-BB (pg/mL) | 4816.0 (2312.9) * | 6001.3 (2521.4) * | 5150.0 (2025.7) | 4606.8 (2100.4) | 0.45 |
| RANTES (pg/mL) | 16651.8 (6150.8) * | 14805.6 (5618.9) * | 17522.6 (6939.8) | 17204.6 (5330.5) * | 0.71 |
| TNF-α (pg/mL) | 52.8 (24.4) | 50.1 (24.4) | 42.6 (24.1) | 42.9 (19.4) | 0.51 |
| VEGF (pg/mL) | 38.4 (60.7) | 41.1 (34.4) | 27.5 (22.2) | 45.2 (51.3) | 0.81 |
Data are summarized as means (standard deviations). Abbreviations: FGF: fibroblast growth factor; G-CSF: granulocyte-colony stimulating factor; GM-CSF: granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; IL: interleukin; IP: interferon gamma-induced protein; MCP: monocyte chemotactic protein; MIP: macrophage inflammatory protein; nO-nS: non-obese with non-severe OSA; nO-S: non-obese with severe OSA; O-nS: obese with non-severe OSA; O-S: obese with severe OSA; OSA: obstructive sleep apnea; PDGF: platelet-derived growth factor; RANTES: regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted; SD: standard deviation; TNF: tumor necrosis factor; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor. 1 Data were compared using one-way analysis of variance with post-hoc Tukey’s honestly significant difference tests. 2 p-value < 0.05 when the variable in the nO-nS subgroup was compared with the nO-S, O-nS, or O-S subgroup. 3 p-value < 0.05 when the variable in the nO-S subgroup was compared with the O-nS or O-S subgroup. 4 p-value < 0.05 when the variable in the O-nS subgroup was compared with the O-S subgroup. Significant p-values are marked in bold.