Table 4.
Interventions for adults.
| Study | Sample (Type of) | VE Characteristics | VE Content | Aim of the VR Task |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Virtual Environments for Healthy Participants | ||||
| Villani and Riva (2008) [42] | Healthy | Immersive | A waterfall and a beach of an island | Relaxation and enhancement of wellbeing |
| Konrad et al. (2016) [41] | Healthy | Non-immersive | Mood survey | Mood regulation and improvement wellbeing |
| Weerdmester et al. (2017) [48] | Healthy | Immersive | Underwater world | Regulation of physiological arousal |
| Bornioli et al. (2018) [49] | Healthy | Non-immersive | Five different pedestrian areas of a town | Enhancement of behavioral activation for wellbeing |
| Lorenzetti et al. (2018) [51] | Healthy | Non-immersive | A landscape of hills and cornfields | Regulation of physiological arousal |
| Bornioli et al. (2019) [50] | Healthy | Non-immersive | Five different pedestrian areas of a town | Enhancement of behavioral activation for wellbeing |
| Virtual Environments for Patients | ||||
| Tong et al. (2015) [43] | Clinical | Immersive | Walk in the forest | Mindfulness-based stress reduction |
| Cikajlo et al. (2016) [44] | Clinical | Immersive | A river and a mountain landscape | Mindfulness-based stress reduction |
| Singh et al. (2017) [47] | Clinical | Non-immersive | Three different sports: tennis, bowling, and boxing | Enhancement of behavioral activation for wellbeing |