Table 6.
Wellbeing Measure Scales Description.
| Scale | Description of Measure |
|---|---|
| State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) | A commonly used measure of trait and state anxiety. It can be used in clinical settings to diagnose anxiety and to distinguish it from depressive syndromes. Form Y, is its most popular version. It has 20 items for assessing trait anxiety and 20 for state anxiety. All items are rated on a 4-point scale (e.g., from “Almost Never” to “Almost Always”). Higher scores indicate greater anxiety. |
| Positive And Negative Affect Scale (PANAS) | A self-report questionnaire that consists of two 10-item scales to measure both positive and negative affect. Each item is rated on a 5-point scale of 1 (not at all) to 5 (very much). |
| Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Questionnaire (COPE) | A self-reported questionnaire developed to assess a broad range of coping responses with a score on a 4-point scale (e.g., from “I usually don’t do this at all” to “I usually do this a lot”). There are two main components to the COPE inventory: problem-focused coping and emotion-focused coping. |
| Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale (MASS) | A 15-item scale designed to assess a core characteristic of mindfulness, namely, a receptive state of mind in which attention, informed by a sensitive awareness of what is occurring in the present, simply observes what is taking place. |
| Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) | A 5-item scale designed to measure global cognitive judgments of one’s life satisfaction (not a measure of either positive or negative affect). Participants indicate how much they agree or disagree with items on a 7-point scale (e.g., from 1 “strongly disagree” to 7 “strongly agree”). |
| Subjective Happiness Scale | A 4-item self-report measure developed to assess an individual’s overall happiness as measured through self-evaluation on a 7-point Likert-type scale. |
| Ryff Scales of Psychological Well-Being | A psychometric inventory in which respondents rate statements on a scale of 1 to 6 (e.g., from 1 “strong disagreement” to 6 “strong agreement”). It is based on six factors: autonomy, environmental mastery, personal growth, positive relations with others, purpose in life, and self-acceptance. Higher total scores indicate higher psychological well-being. |
| Wellbeing scale of the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire (MPQ) | A personality test meant to measure personality that gives ratings on four broad traits: Positive Emotional Temperament, Negative Emotional Temperament, Constraint, and Absorption. High scorers on the specific wellbeing scale describe: having a cheerful happy disposition; feeling good about themselves; seeing a bright future ahead; being optimists; living interesting, exciting lives; enjoying the things they are doing. |
| Depressive, Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS) | A 42-item self report instrument designed to measure the three related negative emotional states of depression, anxiety and tension/stress. The rating is based on a 0-3 point scale (e.g., from 0 “Did not apply to me at all” to 1 “Applied to me very much or most of the time”). |
| Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) | A 10-item scale designed to measure respondents’ tendency to regulate their emotions in two ways: (1) Cognitive Reappraisal and (2) Expressive Suppression. Respondents answer each item on a 7-point Likert-type scale (e.g., from 1 “strongly disagree” to 7 “strongly agree”). |
| University of Wales Institute of Science and Technology Mood Adjective Checklist (UWIST MACL scale) | A scale that measures self-reported mood in the dimensions of energetic arousal, tense arousal, and hedonic tone. |