. 2020 Feb 4;18(2):101. doi: 10.3390/md18020101

Table 3.

Fatty acid profile of gilthead sea bream by-products (g/100 g of total fatty acids).

Fatty Acid	Muscle	Fishbone	Gills	Guts	Head	Liver	Skin	SEM	Sig.
C14:0	2.38 ^b	2.84 ^d	2.62 ^c	2.64 ^c	2.79 ^d	1.83 ^a	2.61 ^c	0.04	***
C15:0	0.22 ^b	0.28 ^d	0.24 ^c	0.23 ^c	0.28 ^d	0.17 ^a	0.23 ^c	0.01	***
C16:0	13.99 ^bc	13.84 ^bc	14.13 ^c	13.27 ^a	13.99 ^bc	13.93 ^bc	13.54 ^ab	0.07	**
C16:1n-7	3.86 ^c	4.90 ^e	4.57 ^d	3.68 ^b	5.03 ^f	3.49 ^a	3.97 ^c	0.07	***
C17:0	0.18 ^a	0.55 ^e	0.19 ^b	0.20 ^bc	0.54 ^d	0.20 ^c	0.19 ^ab	0.02	***
C17:1n-7	0.16 ^a	0.45 ^e	0.20 ^c	0.15 ^a	0.43 ^d	0.18 ^b	0.16 ^a	0.02	***
C18:0	2.96 ^bc	3.07 ^cd	2.70 ^a	3.19 ^d	2.86 ^ab	4.51 ^e	2.87 ^ab	0.07	***
C18:1n-9	34.30 ^b	32.99 ^a	35.82 ^d	35.23 ^c	33.09 ^a	35.91 ^d	35.41 ^cd	0.15	***
C18:1n-7	2.63 ^b	2.72 ^bc	2.93 ^ef	2.86 ^de	2.75 ^cd	2.98 ^f	2.39 ^a	0.03	***
C18:2n-6	18.28 ^bc	18.68 ^cd	17.82 ^b	19.58 ^e	18.23 ^bc	16.57 ^a	18.87 ^d	0.12	***
C20:0	0.27 ^c	0.27 ^c	0.28 ^c	0.30 ^d	0.25 ^b	0.18 ^a	0.28 ^c	0.01	***
C18:3n-6	0.21 ^ab	0.16 ^a	0.21 ^ab	0.21 ^ab	0.16 ^a	0.52 ^c	0.22 ^b	0.02	***
C20:1n-9	2.91 ^c	1.92 ^a	2.99 ^cd	3.06 ^d	1.90 ^a	2.13 ^b	3.08 ^d	0.06	***
C18:3n-3	4.45 ^c	3.86 ^a	4.05 ^b	4.71 ^d	3.86 ^a	4.13 ^b	4.73 ^d	0.05	***
C20:2n-6	0.94 ^a	0.88 ^a	0.93 ^a	0.97 ^a	0.88 ^a	1.08 ^b	0.88 ^a	0.01	***
C22:1n-9	0.57 ^a	0.65 ^d	0.58 ^ab	0.58 ^ab	0.62 ^cd	0.57 ^a	0.60 ^bc	0.01	***
C20:3n-3	0.49 ^d	0.39 ^a	0.43 ^b	0.47 ^c	0.40 ^a	0.57 ^e	0.50 ^d	0.01	***
C20:4n-6	0.39 ^b	0.45 ^c	0.31 ^a	0.28 ^a	0.46 ^c	0.50 ^d	0.28 ^a	0.01	***
C20:5n-3	2.28 ^d	2.77 ^e	1.92 ^b	1.83 ^a	2.78 ^e	1.91 ^b	2.03 ^c	0.05	***
C24:1n-9	0.50 ^bc	0.43 ^a	0.52 ^e	0.49 ^b	0.41 ^a	0.52 ^cd	0.47 ^b	0.01	***
C22:5n-3	1.76 ^d	2.00 ^e	1.42 ^a	1.55 ^b	2.00 ^e	2.04 ^e	1.66 ^c	0.03	***
C22:6n-3	5.20 ^e	4.58 ^c	4.09 ^b	3.51 ^a	5.00 ^de	4.90 ^d	3.98 ^b	0.08	***
SFA	20.00 ^a	20.85 ^b	20.16 ^a	19.83 ^a	20.72 ^b	20.81 ^b	19.72 ^a	0.09	***
MUFA	44.92 ^b	44.05 ^a	47.61 ^d	46.05 ^c	44.23 ^a	45.77 ^c	46.08 ^c	0.15	***
PUFA	34.00 ^d	33.75 ^cd	31.17 ^a	33.10 ^c	33.77 ^cd	32.21 ^b	33.15 ^c	0.14	***
n-3	14.18 ^d	13.59 ^c	11.91 ^a	12.06 ^a	14.03 ^d	13.55 ^c	12.89 ^b	0.11	***
n-6	19.82 ^cd	20.16 ^cd	19.26 ^b	21.04 ^e	19.73 ^c	18.66 ^a	20.26 ^d	0.10	***
Long chain n-3 ^†	9.23 ^d	9.35 ^d	7.43 ^b	6.89 ^a	9.78 ^e	8.86 ^c	7.67 ^b	0.13	***
DHA/EPA	2.28 ^e	1.65 ^a	2.13 ^d	1.91 ^c	1.80 ^b	2.57 ^f	1.96 ^c	0.04	***
n-6/n-3	1.40 ^a	1.48 ^b	1.62 ^c	1.75 ^d	1.41 ^a	1.38 ^a	1.57 ^c	0.02	***
PUFA/SFA	1.70 ^d	1.62 ^bc	1.55 ^a	1.67 ^cd	1.63 ^c	1.56 ^ab	1.68 ^cd	0.01	***

^a–f Means in the same row with different letters differ significantly (p < 0.05; Duncan test). SEM: standard error of the mean. Sig.: significance; **: p < 0.01; ***: p < 0.001. ^† Long chain n-3 PUFA (C20:5n-3 +C22:5n-3 + C22:6n-3). EPA: eicosapentaenoic acid; DHA: docosahexaenoic acid; SFA: saturated fatty acid (C14:0 + C15:0 + C16:0 + C17:0 + C18:0 + C20:0); MUFA: monounsaturated fatty acid (C16:1n-7 + C17:1n-7 + C18:1n-9 + C18:1n-7 + C20:1n-9 + C22:1n-9 + C24:1n-9); PUFA: polyunsaturated fatty acid (C18:2n-6 + C18:3n-6 + C18:3n-3 + C20:2n-6 + C20:3n-3 + C20:4n-6 + C20:5n-3 + C22:5n-3 + C22:6n-3).