Table 1.
Drivers of change and management practices in different scenarios.
| Scenarios (Sc) | Sc1-Conventional tillage (CT) based | Sc2- Partial climate smart agriculture (CSA) based | Sc3- Full CSA based | Sc4- Full CSA based | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Drivers of Change | Conventional practice/ Business as usual (Farmer’s Practice) | Increase productivity and profitability through intensification and best management practices | To deal with rising scarcity of water, energy, labor, and expected climate change | Futuristic cropping system to deal with same issues as in Sc3 | |||||||
| Crop Rotations | Rice-Wheat- Fallow | Rice-Wheat-Mungbean | Rice-Wheat-Mungbean | Maize-Wheat- Mungbean | |||||||
| Rice | Wheat | Rice | Wheat | Mungbean | Rice | Wheat | Mungbean | Maize | Wheat | Mungbean | |
| Tillage | CT | CT | CT | Zero tillage (ZT) | ZT | ZT | ZT | ZT | ZT | ZT | ZT |
| Crop Establishment Method | Transplanting | Broadcasting | Transplanting | Drill seeding | Drill/relay | Drill seeding | Drill seeding | Drill/relay | Drill seeding | Drill seeding | Drill/relay |
| Residue Management |
Removed | Removed | Retained full (100 %) | Retained anchored (30 %) | Incorporated full (100 %) | Retained full (100 %) | Retained anchored (30 %) | Retained full (100 %) | Retained partial (65 %) | Retained anchored (30 %) | Retained full (100 %) |
| Nutrient Management (NPK, kg/ ha) |
175 + 58 + 0 | 150 + 58 + 0 | 151 + 58 + 60 | 151 + 64 + 32 | 0 + 0+0 | 162 + 64 + 62 | 151 + 64 + 32 | 0 + 0+0 | 174 + 64 + 62 | 151 + 64 + 32 | 0 + 0+0 |
| Water Management | Continuous flooding of 5-cm depth for 1 month, followed by irrigation applied at hair-line crack | Need based irrigation or at critical crop growth stages | Continuous flooding of 5-cm depth for first 15–20 days after transplanting ‘fb’ irrigation at -40 to −50 kPa matric potential at 15-cm depth till 1 wk before flowering ‘fb’ irrigation at -15 to -20 kPa | Flood irrigation at -40 to−50 kPa matric potential | Flood irrigation as and when required | Kept soil wet for first 20 days ‘fb’ irrigation at -20 to −30 kPa matric potential | Flood irrigation at -40 to−50 kPa matric potential | Flood irrigation as and when required | Flood Irrigation at −50 kPa in maize and | Flood irrigation at -40 to−50 kPa matric potential | Flood irrigation as and when required |