Table 4.

Relative contributions of risk factors for incident heart failure stratified by age in women

Risk factors	Hazard ratio (95% CI)a	Prevalence	Relative contribution (95% CI)
55–64 years
COPD	2.07 (1.91–2.25)	0.29	23.93 (21.11–26.87)
Atrial fibrillation	6.78 (5.73–8.01)	0.05	23.79 (20.35–27.46)
Obesityb	1.39 (1.25–1.54)	0.43	14.25 (9.62–18.70)
Sedentary lifestyle	1.12 (1.03–1.22)	0.52	5.96 (1.56–10.41)
Diabetes	2.77 (2.36–3.24)	0.07	10.32 (8.12–12.71)
Current smokers	1.33 (1.18–1.49)	0.26	7.96 (4.50–11.38)
Hypertension	1.09 (1.00–1.19)	0.83	N.E.
65–74 years
COPD	1.89 (1.79–2.00)	0.27	19.61 (17.79–21.51)
Atrial fibrillation	3.49 (3.18–3.83)	0.08	16.09 (14.37–17.89)
Obesityb	1.25 (1.17–1.34)	0.32	7.49 (5.22–9.92)
Sedentary lifestyle	1.10 (1.02–1.18)	0.60	5.69 (1.19–9.79)
Diabetes	1.91 (1.70–2.15)	0.05	4.27 (3.32–5.02)
Current smokers	1.21 (1.11–1.32)	0.24	3.35 (1.78–5.02)
Hypertension	0.98 (0.92–1.04)	0.82	N.E.
>75 years
COPD	1.65 (1.59–1.71)	0.25	13.79 (12.67–14.87)
Atrial fibrillation	2.69 (2.55–2.84)	0.11	15.56 (14.45–16.71)
Obesityb	1.14 (1.08–1.20)	0.17	2.30 (1.33–3.25)
Sedentary lifestyle	1.09 (1.02–1.16)	0.76	6.36 (1.49–10.78)
Diabetes	1.70 (1.56–1.86)	0.03	2.32 (1.87–2.84)
Current smokers	1.08 (0.99–1.19)	0.07	N.E.
Hypertension	1.02 (0.99–1.07)	0.70	N.E.

CI, confidence interval; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; N.E., not estimable.

Hazard ratios were considered statistically significant if P <0.001 (Bonferroni corrected threshold).

^aIndependent hazard ratios of other variables shown and further adjusted for age, haemoglobin, platelets, total white blood cell count, total cholesterol, triglycerides, albumin, creatinine, ethnicity, smoking habits, index of multiple deprivation, blood pressure‐lowering medication and lipid‐lowering drugs.

^bObesity: body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m².