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A possible circuit mechanism whereby D. subobscura acquired the novel courtship action element nuptial gift. (A) Nuptial gift transfer. (B) The regurgitation circuit operating independent of the courtship circuit in the ancestral state. (C) The regurgitation circuit neurons in toto happened to express the courtship master gene fruitless, resulting in the incorporation of this circuit into the courtship neural network in D. subobscura.
