Table 2.
Types of preexisting comorbidities and obstetrical risk factors in the current pregnancy as defined by the Obstetrical Comorbidity Index, according to diabetes mellitus (DM) status.
| Without DM (n = 2,340,547) | Type 1 DM (n = 5561) | Type 2 DM (n = 4391) | Gestational DM (n = 130,980) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal age, mean (SD) | 31.1 (5.57) | 32 (5.19) | 34.17 (5.42) | 33.67 (5.02) | <0.001 |
| 15–24 years, n (%) | 313,139 (13.38) | 489 (8.79) | 174 (3.96) | 5784 (4.42) | <0.001 |
| 25–34 years, n (%) | 1,358,332 (58.03) | 3192 (57.4) | 2060 (46.91) | 65,494 (50) | <0.001 |
| 35–39 years, n (%) | 553,578 (23.65) | 1570 (28.23) | 1486 (33.84) | 44,693 (34.12) | <0.001 |
| 40–44 years, n (%) | 109,299 (4.67) | 297 (5.34) | 588 (13.39) | 13,843 (10.57) | <0.001 |
| ≥45 years, n (%) | 6199 (0.26) | 13 (0.23) | 83 (1.89) | 1166 (0.89) | 0.454 |
| Pulmonary hypertension, n (%) | 112 (0) | <5 | <5 | 8 (0.01) | <0.001 |
| Placenta previa, n (%) | 11,817 (0.5) | 35 (0.63) | 27 (0.61) | 822 (0.63) | <0.001 |
| Sickle cell disease, n (%) | 7174 (0.31) | 28 (0.5) | 16 (0.36) | 485 (0.37) | <0.001 |
| Gestational hypertension, n (%) | 24,462 (1.05) | 231 (4.15) | 144 (3.28) | 3221 (2.46) | <0.001 |
| Mild preeclampsia or unspecified preeclampsia, n (%) | 21,877 (0.93) | 349 (6.28) | 198 (4.51) | 2431 (1.86) | <0.001 |
| Severe preeclampsia/eclampsia, n (%) | 10,215 (0.44) | 123 (2.21) | 74 (1.69) | 851 (0.65) | <0.001 |
| Chronic renal disease, n (%) | 4029 (0.17) | 161 (2.9) | 62 (1.41) | 268 (0.2) | <0.001 |
| Preexisting hypertension, n (%) | 18,759 (0.8) | 268 (4.82) | 460 (10.48) | 3041 (2.32) | <0.001 |
| Chronic ischemic heart disease, n (%) | 149 (0.01) | <5 | <5 | 16 (0.01) | <0.001 |
| Congenital heart disease, n (%) | 1823 (0.08) | 12 (0.22) | <5 | 118 (0.09) | 0.001 |
| Systemic lupus erythematosus, n (%) | 1822 (0.08) | 3 (0.05) | <5 | 81 (0.06) | 0.166 |
| Human immunodeficiency virus, n (%) | 2043 (0.09) | <5 | 9 (0.2) | 104 (0.08) | 0.012 |
| Multiple gestation, n (%) | 50,342 (2.15) | 101 (1.82) | 98 (2.23) | 4475 (3.42) | <0.001 |
| Drug abuse, n (%) | 4468 (0.19) | 13 (0.23) | 6 (0.14) | 181 (0.14) | <0.001 |
| Alcohol abuse, n (%) | 764 (0.03) | <5 | <5 | 31 (0.02) | 0.035 |
| Tobacco use, n (%) | 114,001 (4.87) | 334 (6.01) | 249 (5.67) | 7466 (5.7) | <0.001 |
| Cardiac valvular disease, n (%) | 2219 (0.09) | 5 (0.09) | 8 (0.18) | 160 (0.12) | 0.005 |
| Chronic congestive heart failure, n (%) | <5 | <5 | <5 | <5 | 0.981 |
| Asthma, n (%) | 35,711 (1.53) | 67 (1.2) | 99 (2.25) | 2319 (1.77) | <0.001 |
| Obesity, n (%) | 38,657 (1.65) | 164 (2.95) | 474 (10.79) | 6896 (5.26) | <0.001 |
| Previous cesarean delivery, n (%) | 192,441 (8.22) | 1033 (18.58) | 809 (18.42) | 15,144 (11.56) | <0.001 |
| Obstetric Comorbidity Index | 978,769 (41.82) | 3306 (59.45) | 3079 (70.12) | 78,960 (60.28) | <0.001 |