Table 2.
Reference | Study Population | Salivary Biomarker | Analytical Method | Endpoints |
---|---|---|---|---|
Lau et al. 2015 | 20 patients with AD, 20 with PD, and 20 healthy controls | Aβ42 t-tau p-tau trehalose |
ELISA, EG-IDFET biosensor | ↑ trehalose and ↑ p-tau vs controls Aβ42 not detected t-tau unchanged |
Shi et al. 2011 | 21 patients with AD and 38 healthy controls | Aβ42 t-tau p-tau |
ELISA (Luminex assay) |
Aβ42 not detected ↑t-tau and ↑p-tau vs controls p < 0.05 |
Ashton et al. 2018 | 53 patients with AD and 160 healthy controls | t-tau | Single molecule array (SIMOA) | t-tau unchanged |
Pekels et al. 2019 | 46 patients with AD and 47 healthy controls | t-tau p-tau |
Western Blot | ↑ p-tau, ↑t-tau at phosphorylation site S396, S404, S400, T403, T404 vs controls |
Bakhtiari et al. 2017 | 15 patients with AD and 15 healthy controls | AChE activity | Ellman’s colorimetric method | AChE activity unchanged |
Boston et al. 2008 | 15 patients with AD and 13 healthy controls | AChE activity | Ellman’s colorimetric method | AChE activity unchanged |
Sayer et al. 2004 | 22 AD responders to AChE inhibitor, 14 AD no responders to AChE inhibitor, 11 healthy controls | AChE activity | Ellman’s colorimetric method | ↓ AChE activity in the saliva of AD no responders vs controls (p < 0.005) AChE activity in the saliva of AD responders and AD no responders did not statistically different |
Carro et al. 2017 | 80 patients with AD and 91 healthy controls | lactoferrin | ELISA | ↓ lactoferrin in the saliva of AD patients vs healthy controls (p < 0.001) |
Liang et al. 2015 | 256 patients with AD and 218 healthy controls | sphinganine-1-phosphate ornithine phenyllactic acid inosine 3-dehydrocarnitine hypoxantine |
UPLC-MS | ↑ sphinganine-1-phosphate,↑ ornithine, ↑ phenyllactic acid ↓ inosine, ↓3-dehydrocarnitine ↓ hypoxantine in the saliva of AD vs controls (p < 0.01) |