Table 1.
Main features of animal studies included on the review.
| Author, Year | Level of Evidence/Degree of Recommendation | Sample and Groups | Association AP and DM | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kodama et al., 2011 [39] | 2b/B | F344 Mice, n = 40 DM Mice: ♂ (n = 10); ♀ (n = 10) Non-DM Mice: ♂ (n = 10); ♀ (n = 10) |
Yes | The incidence and severity of caries, alveolar bone resorption and periapical lesions were higher in rats with chronic DM. |
| Sano et al., 2011 [38] | 3b/B |
n = 88 Mice Mice ♂: n = 68 (DM and no-DM) Mice ♀: n = 20 (DB and no-DM) |
Yes | Diabetes increase dental caries and suggest that apical periodontitis is secondary to dental caries in non-DM mice. |
| Nakahara et al., 2012 [22] | 3b/B | ♀ F344 Mice, n = 47 TG: n = 30 (1 dose of Aloxane, 35 mg/kg corporal weight) CG: n = 17 untreated |
Yes | Mice treated with Aloxane developed more carious lesions and progressive periodontitis. |
| Wolle et al., 2013 [23] | 1b/A | ♂ Wistar Mice, n = 20 TG: n = 15; mice with DM (receive 20% D-Glucosein drinking water, 10 mL/kg/9 weeks) GC: n = 5; no-DM mice (receive filtered/9 weeks) |
No | No significant differences were found between groups. Tempol does not improve the outcome of injuries associated with endodontic teeth. |
| Cintra, et al., 2014 [24] | 2b/B | Albinos Wistar Mice, n = 80 (10 each group) # G1: GC; G2:AP; G3: PD; G4: AP + PD; G5: DM, G6: DM + AP; G7:DM + PD; G8: DM + AP + PD |
Yes | Mice with oral pathology (AP + PD) had a significant increase in IL-17 compared to mice without oral pathology. |
| Cintra, et al., 2014 [25] | 2b/B | Albinos Wistar Mice, n = 80 (10 each group) # G1: GC; G2:AP; G3: PD; G4: AP + PD; G5: DM, G6: DM + AP; G7:DM + PD; G8: DM + AP + PD |
Yes | Oral infections affect blood sugar levels in DM mice and increase HbA1c levels in DM and normoglycemic mice. |
| Cintra, et al., 2014 [26] | 2b/B | Albinos Wistar Mice, n = 80 (10 each group) # G1: GC; G2:AP; G3: PD; G4: AP + PD; G5: DM, G6: DM + AP; G7:DM + PD; G8: DM + AP + PD |
Yes | DM increases the development and progression of AP and PD, causing an increase in the cellular mean of erythrocytes, leukocytes and neutrophils. Both oral infections increased the total number of leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes and glucose concentrations in mice with DM. |
| Azuma et al., 2017 [27] | 2b/B | ♀ Winstar mice n = 40 (10 each group) Normoglycemic rats (N); Normoglycemic rats with apical periodontitis (N-AP); rats with experimental diabetes (ED), and rats with experimental diabetes and apical periodontitis (ED-AP) |
Nr | AP did not impact the levels of IL-17 in hepatic and renal tissues, irrespective of the presence or absence of diabetes. There is an increase of IL-17 levels in the periapical region of diabetic rats without AP (ED) as compared to control rats (N), and an increase of IL-17 levels in AP rats with experimental diabetes (ED-AP) was observed as compared to the N-AP. |
| Prieto et al., 2017 [28] | 2b/B | ♀ Winstar mice n = 40 (10 each group) G1:CG, G2: AP, G3: DM, G4: DM + AP |
Yes | Microscopically in the groups with AP (AP and DM + AP), an increase in the intensity and extent of the inflammatory infiltrate was noted, periapical lesions in the diabetic rats were higher and more aggressive compared with that in normoglycemic rats, AP associated with diabetes reduced the serum levels of albumin and increased the endogenous antioxidant uric acid. |
| Ferreira et al., 2017 [29] | 2b/B | ♀ Winstar mice n = 80 (10 each group) G1:CG, G2: AP, G3:PD, G4:AP + PD, G5:DM, G6: DM + AP, G7: DM + PD, G8:DM + AP + PD |
Nr | The presence of oral infections increased blood glucose concentrations in diabetic rats. DM + PD and DM + AP + PD groups had higher mean values of platelet count with statistical difference compared to CG and AP groups. |
AP: apical periodontitis; CG: control group; DM: diabetes mellitus; DM2: diabetes mellitus type 2; M: meta-analysis; no-DM: no diabetes mellitus; HbA1c: glycated haemoglobin; n: sample; PD: periodontal disease; TG: treatment group; #: Diabetes mellitus was induced with Streptozotocin, apical periodontitis with oral exposition and periodontal disease by periodontal ligature. Nr: not reported.