Table 2.

Summary of recent available clinical evidence of Bisphenol A effects on sperm parameters and reproductive hormones.

Paper	Year	N subjects	EDCs investigated	Subjects with EDCs >LOD	Population	Sperm Parameters	Hormones
Lassen et al. [88]	2014	308	urinary BPA	98%	general population	highest BPA concentration quartile had reduced % progressive motility vs. lower quartile.	highest BPA quartiles had higher LH, testosterone and estradiol compared to lower quartile.
Knez et al. [89]	2014	149	urinary BPA	98%	infertile	BPA: negative association with sperm concentration and vitality	N/A
Adoamnei et al. [90]	2018	215	urinary BPA	95%	healthy volounteers	negative association between BPA and sperm concentration, total sperm count	positive association between BPA and LH
Ji et al. [91]	2018	500	urinary BPA	73.6%	fertile	BPA was associated with several CASA kinetics parameters (positive associations: LIN, STR, WOB; negative associations: ALH))	N/A
Pollard et al. [92]	2019	161	urinary BPA	87%	men with unknown fertility	abnormal morphology was associated with higher BPA mean urinary concentrations	N/A
Kim et al. [93]	2019	146	Urinary, semen plasma, blood BPA	43.1% (urine); 71.3% (semen plasma); 77.6% (blood)	infertile	no associations with sperm concentration and motility; no significant effect on embryo embryo quality, oocytes retrieved, pregnancy	N/A