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. 2020 Feb 15;11(2):124. doi: 10.3390/insects11020124

Table 1.

Total phenols (spectrophotometric) and main phenolic compounds (HPLC-DAD) in the propolis used in the bioassay.

Compound mg/g ± RSD% x
Caffeic acid y 31.04 ± 5.01
Caffeic acid derivatives z 113.17 ± 12.35
Paracumaric acid y 7.12 ± 3.68
Ferulic acid y 7.62 ± 5.25
Ferulic acid derivatives z 122.70 ± 14.68
Narirutin y 1.37 ± 6.51
Cinnamic acid derivatives z 82.04 ± 10.78
Quercetin y 10.83 ± 3.45
Quercetin derivatives z 238.75 ± 6.59
Luteolin y 3.00 ± 5.68
Naringin y 59.01 ± 10.45
Naringin derivatives z 21.99 ± 1.56
Kaempherol y 34.01 ± 5.78
OH-Flavone derivatives z 17.21 ± 2.56
Galangina y 15.05 ± 2.48
Rosmarinic acid derivatives z 44.84 ± 13.98
Ellagic acid derivatives z 125.44 ± 4.65
Quinic acid y 1.39 ± 8.95
Quinic acid derivatives z 4.01 ± 6.01
Total Phenols * 119.77 ± 16.05

x Relative Standard Deviation; y identification and quantification has been made using authentic analytical standards; z tentative identification has been made using DAD spectra similarities and quantifications were expressed as the parent compound; * expressed as gallic acid.