Figure 3.

Potential beneficial effects of flavonoids in specific target organ of DM complications. AGEs, advanced glication end products; AMPK, activated protein kinase; Bax, Bcl-2 associated X; Bcl-2; B-cell lymphoma 2; CTGF, connective tissue growth factor; FFA, free fatty acid; GLUT4, glucose transporter type 4; HDL Cholesterol, High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol; Hmox-1, Heme oxygenase (decycling) 1; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinases; mTOR, mammalian Target of Rapamycin; NF-Kβ, Nuclear factor kappa beta; NRF2, Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-related Factor 2; PDGF, Platelet Derived Growth Factor; Rho, Ras homologous; RhoA, Ras homolog family member A; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SIRT1, sirtuin 1; TGFβ1, transforming growth factor beta 1; TLRs, toll like receptors; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.