Table 1.
Proximate composition of quinoa seeds cultivated in different regions.
| Growing Year | Country | Location | Cultivar | Observation | Carbohydrate | Protein | Fat | Fiber | Ash | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (values in % or g 100 g−1 Seeds DM) | ||||||||||
| 1998 | Bolivia | Real | 63.7 | 12.9 | 6.5 | 13.9 * | 3.0 | [12] | ||
| 2006–07 | Italy | Vitulazio | KVLQ520Y | early sow | 55.6 | 16.2 | 7.8 | 16.1 * | 4.3 | [13] |
| late sow | 54.8 | 16.2 | 7.7 | 16.9 * | 4.1 | |||||
| Regalona Baer | 52.8 | 16.8 | 7.9 | 18.6 * | 4.0 | |||||
| 2006–09 | Argentina | Salta and Jujuy | mean value of 21 data entries | 51.4 | 16.8 | 5.9 | 12.1 * | 4.7 | [9] | |
| 2010 | Chile | North | Ancovinto | 68.1 | 13.0 | 6.2 | 1.5 | 3.4 | [14] | |
| Cancosa | 65.8 | 13.6 | 6.0 | 1.8 | 3.5 | |||||
| Center | Cáhuil | 64.2 | 11.1 | 7.1 | 1.2 | 3.2 | ||||
| Faro | 63.8 | 11.4 | 6.7 | 1.6 | 3.5 | |||||
| South | Regalona | 59.4 | 14.4 | 6.4 | 1.8 | 3.7 | ||||
| Villarrica | 56.5 | 16.2 | 5.6 | 2.9 | 3.7 | |||||
| 2010 | Peru | Cusco | ND | 13.2 | 6.5 | 4.2 | 2.3 | [15] | ||
| ND | 13.5 | 6.3 | 7.0 | 2.3 | ||||||
| Puno | 03-21-0093 | 11.8 | - | - | 2.8 | |||||
| 03-21-1181 | 13.5 | 4.0 | 2.9 | 3.1 | ||||||
| Coito | 14.7 | 5.3 | 1.8 | 2.8 | ||||||
| Huaripongo | 13.2 | 6.1 | 2.5 | 2.9 | ||||||
| INIA-415 Pasankalla | 12.7 | 6.9 | 2.2 | 2.5 | ||||||
| Roja de Coporaque | 11.5 | 5.2 | 2.3 | 2.9 | ||||||
| Salcedo | 13.2 | 5.3 | 1.8 | 2.4 | ||||||
| Witulla | 12.3 | 5.3 | 2.6 | 2.6 | ||||||
| 2011 | La Molina 89 | 13.6 | 6.0 | 3.0 | 4.8 | |||||
| Puno | Blanca de Juli | 12.4 | 4.9 | 1.8 | 3.0 | |||||
| Kcancolla | 13.5 | 5.1 | 2.7 | 3.1 | ||||||
| Sajama | 12.7 | 4.1 | 1.7 | 2.7 | ||||||
| 2010 | Italy | Vitulazio | Titicaca, Q100 | 100% irrigation | 49.0 | 14.6 | 5.1 | 17.6 * | 3.4 | |
| Titicaca, Q25 | 25% irrigation | 49.9 | 14.4 | 5.2 | 14.6 * | 3.3 | ||||
| Titicaca, Q50 | 50% irrigation | 51.9 | 14.7 | 5.1 | 16.9 * | 3.5 | ||||
| Titicaca, Q100S | same irrigation as above but with saline water | 49.7 | 13.3 | 5.2 | 19.5 * | 3.7 | ||||
| Titicaca, Q25S | 48.6 | 13.3 | 4.7 | 18.7 * | 3.5 | |||||
| Titicaca, Q50S | 49.0 | 14.0 | 5.2 | 17.5 * | 3.3 | |||||
| 2013 | Peru | Mantavaro valley | Ayni | 14.8 | 4.7 | [16] | ||||
| 2015 | USA | USDA database | 57.2 | 14.1 | 6.1 | 2.4 | [17] | |||
| Various primary sources † | 59.9 | 13.1 | 5.7 | 3.3 | 3.3 | |||||
| 2015 | Germany | Stuttgart | Zeno | 12.0 | 5.5 ‡ | [18] | ||||
| Jessie | 16.1 | 7.3 ‡ | ||||||||
| Puno | 13.0 | 6.5 ‡ | ||||||||
| Titicaca | 13.4 | 7.5 ‡ | ||||||||
| 2016 | Germany | Stuttgart | Zeno | 12.0 | 5.5 ‡ | |||||
| Jessie | 13.1 | 7.3 ‡ | ||||||||
| Puno | 13.0 | 6.5 ‡ | ||||||||
| Titicaca | 12.3 | 7.5 ‡ | ||||||||
| 2016 | Chile | Río Hurtado | Regalona | 15.2 | 3.1 | [11] | ||||
| Salcedo | 18.1 | 3.3 | ||||||||
| Titicaca | 16.4 | 3.6 | ||||||||
| 2016 | Spain | El Pobo | Regalona | 17.8 | 3.0 | |||||
| Salcedo | 15.7 | 3.2 | ||||||||
| Titicaca | 15.3 | 3.5 | ||||||||
| 2016 | Peru | Arequipa | Salcedo | 14.6 | 3.3 | |||||
* values for fiber are reported as total dietary fiber. † n= 34 for carbohydrate, 37 for protein, 37 for fat, 23 for fiber, and 37 for ash. ‡ mean values for two growing years.