Time course of Gal and cytokeratin 19 (CK19) expression in the liver of Mdr2KO versus FVBN mice. A and B: mRNAs of Gal (A) and CK19 marker of cholangiocytes (B) were assessed by real-time quantitative PCR in liver of male and female FVBN and Mdr2KO mice from 1 week to 4 months of age. C: Linear correlation plot of CK19 mRNA versus Gal mRNA in FVBN and Mdr2KO mice at 1 week to 4 months of age. D: Galanin concentration in liver of FVBN and Mdr2KO mice, at 1 week, 1 month, 2 months, and 4 months of age. E: Galanin immunohistochemistry (IHC) in the liver of 2-month–old male and female FVBN and Mdr2KO mice. Black arrows indicate small bile ducts; blue arrows, large bile ducts. F: Bar plot of Gal expression measured as area percentage of stained pixels in IHC images of Gal in E. n = 4 (A, B, D and F). *P < 0.05 1, 2, and 4 months versus 1 week; †P < 0.05 Mdr2KO versus FVBN; ‡P < 0.05 female versus males. Scale bar = 100 μm (E).