Table 2.
Bacterial species producing bacteriocins isolated from bivalves.
| Reference | Bacterial Species | Origin | Inhibition Against | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| [34] | Lactobacillus rhamnosus | Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) | In vitro agar test of inhibition against pathogens | Good inhibition against Vibrio alginolyticus and V. proteolyticus and poor inhibition against Edwardsinella tarda |
| [6] | Enterococcus hirae | Mussels (Mytilus galloprovincilais) | In vitro agar test of inhibition against bacterial pathogens and on cellular lines for viruses | Good antibacterial activity against Listeria monocytogenes, and Enterococcus faecalis. Low antibacterial activity against L. innocua, good antiviral activity against Hepatitis A virus and Norovirus |
| [35] | Bacteriophagues | Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) | V. parahaemolyticus | Bacterial growth inhibition from 1.4 × 106 CFU/mL to 1.4 × 10 CFU/mL |
| [36] | Bacteriophagues | Cockles (Cerastoderma edule) | Escherichia coli | Reducing E. coli counts about 5 log CFU/g after 4-h period of depuration |
| [33] | E. faecium and Pediococcus pentosaecus | Oyster (Ostrea edulis) and clams (Venerupis rhomboides) | In vitro agar test of inhibition against pathogen and spoilage bacteria | Inhibition against Gram-positive bacteria, such as L. monocytogenes, L. innocua, Staphylococcus aureus, or Bacillus cereus. No inhibition against Gram-negative bacteria |
| [32] | Various bacterial species from genera Bacillus, Paenibacillus, Saccharorhix, Pseudomonas and Sphingomonas | Ark clams (Anadara broughtoni) | In vitro agar test of inhibition against bacteria and in vitro agar modified method for fungi and yeast | Inhibition activity of various strains isolated against Gram-positive bacteria, such as S. aureus, B. subtillis, and E. faecium, and even against yeast (Candida albicans) and molds (Aspergillus niger and Fusarium oxysporum) |
| [37] | Bacteriophagues | Oysters (O. plicatula) | V. parahaemolyticus | Depuration at 16 °C with bacteriophage decreased V. parahaemolyticus in oysters, by 2.35–2.76 log CFU/g within 36 h |
| [30] | Bacillus and Lactobacillus mix | Lion paw scallops (Nodipecten subnodosus) | V. alginolyticus | Increase in survival of juveniles of catarina scallop (Argopecten ventricosus) in 120 h |
| [31] | Enterococcus faecium | Clams (Tapes decussatus) | L. monocytogenes | In vitro inhibition activity |
| [25] | Peptides isolated from hemolymph bacteria (not identified) | Oysters (C. gigas) | Bacillus megaterium and Micrococcus luteus | In vitro inhibition activity |
| [27] | Antimicrobial peptides | Cockles (Cerastoderma spp.) | Salmonella typhi, S. paratyphi and S. aureus | In vitro inhibition activity for both ethanolic and methanolic solutions against Salmonella and S. aureus |
CFU: Colony form units.