. 2020 Jan 22;9(2):309. doi: 10.3390/jcm9020309

Table 5.

Factors associated with psychological consequences after RTA.

	Depression Symptoms	Anxiety Symptoms	PTSD Symptoms
Sociodemographic
Gender	p = 0.525^a	p = 0.079^b	p = 0.038^a
Age	p = 0.089^a	p = 0.495^b	p = 0.864^a
Residency	p = 0.135^a	p > 0.999^b	p = 0.862^a
Education level	p = 0.856^b	p = 0.515^b	p = 0.439^a
Employment status	p = 0.407^b	p > 0.999^b	p = 0.059^b
Marital status	p = 0.666^a	p > 0.999^b	p = 0.860^a
Self-perceived economic status	p = 0.001^a	p = 0.441^b	p = 0.025^a
Religiousness	p < 0.001^b	p = 0.234^b	p = 0.156^a
Pre-RTA health status
Smoking	p = 0.669^a	p = 0.729^b	p = 0.597^a
Alcohol use	p = 0.833^a	p = 0.743^b	p = 0.169^a
Psychoactive substance use	p = 0.174^b	p = 0.058^b	p = 0.323^a
Previous RTA experience	p = 0.202^a	p = 0.308^b	p = 0.226^a
Previous traumatic experience	p = 0.057^a	p = 0.174^b	p = 0.395^a
Previous PTSD	p = 0.588^b	p > 0.999^b	p = 0.658^b
Previous chronic illness	p = 0.054^a	p = 0.035^b	p = 0.169^a
Previous psychiatric illness	p = 0.999^b	p = 0.011^b	p = 0.008^a
Previous permanent pain	p = 0.299^b	p < 0.001^b	p > 0.999^b
Medication use	p = 0.001^a	p = 0.169^b	p = 0.002^a
Type of medication used	p = 0.002^b	p = 0.010^b	p < 0.001^b
Injury-related
Injury affliction	p = 0.741^b	p > 0.999^b	p = 0.013^a
Injury severity	p < 0.001^b	p = 0.524^b	p = 0.004^a
Self-perceived threat to life	p = 0.087^a	p = 0.040^b	p = 0.002^a
Pain after RTA	p = 0.200^a	p = 0.208^b	p = 0.006^a
Hospitalization	p = 0.006^a	p = 0.719^b	p = 0.358^a
Surgical treatment	p = 0.001^b	p > 0.999^b	p = 0.564^b
Unconsciousness in the RTA	p = 0.020^b	p > 0.999^b	p = 0.254^b
Post-RTA amnesia	p = 0.015^b	p = 0.356^b	p = 0.057^a
Hospitalization duration	p = 0.009^b	p = 0.671^b	p = 0.011^b
RTA-related
Fault in the RTA	p = 0.278^b	p = 0.227^b	p = 0.044^b
Deaths in the RTA	p = 0.319^b	p > 0.999^b	p = 0.543^b
Compensation claim	p = 0.284^a	p = 0.171^b	p < 0.001^a
Road user type	p = 0.085^b	p = 0.094^b	p = 0.177^b

^a Chi-square test; ^b Fisher’s exact test. Bold p values are statistically significant.