Table 5.

Predictive value of novel or alternative biomarkers in hereditary cardiomyopathies.

Genetic	Biomarker	Underlying Condition	Pacemaker/ICD	Arrhythmias	Outcome	Number of Patients	Study Design	FU-Duration	Specific Endpoint	Effect on SCD
Oz et al., 2017 [92]	Galectin-3	ARVD	ICD	VF, VT	Correlation with Galectin-3	29 vs. 24 controls	Retrospective, multicenter	-	nsVT/sVT	SCD not directly investigated
Daidoji et al., 2016 [93]	H-FABP	Brugada syndrome	ICD	Appropriate ICD shock, VF	Correlation with VA	31	Prospective, single-center	5 years	appropriate ICD shock	Independent predictor of SCD *
Zachariah et al., 2012 [94]	MMP3	HCM	ICD	VT/VF	MMP3 predicts VA	45	Retrospective, single Center	6 months	CA, sVT/VF with ICD shock	SCD not directly investigated
Emet et al., 2018 [95]	Galectin-3	HCM	ICD	SCD	Predictive 5 year risk of SCD	52	Cross-sectional data	-	Correlation between the estimated 5-year risk of SCD	SCD not directly investigated

ARVD, arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia; CA, cardiac arrest; HCM, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; H-FABP, Heart-type fatty acid binding protein; ICD, implantable cardiac defibrillator; MMP-9, matrix metallo-proteinase; nsVT, non-sustained ventricular tachycardia; SCD, sudden cardiac death; VA, ventricular arrhythmias; VF, ventricular fibrillation; VT ventricular tachycardia. * If patient had ICD, appropriate ICD therapy was defined as sudden cardiac death.