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Flow diagram of the included and excluded studies. A total of 4515 articles were found during the literature search. Among them, 2493 articles were duplicated retrievals. A total of 2202 articles and 168 articles were obviously irrelevant studies. We excluded 84 articles due to various reasons. Finally, 39 articles were included in the final analysis. Abbreviations: TNS = transient neurological symptoms, LA = local anesthetics, RCT = randomized controlled trial
