Table 3.
Anticarcinogenic effect of sprouted oat (SO) and its phenolic AVA extract (AVA) on the macroscopic quantitative classification of colonic lesions induced with AOM + DSS in CD-1 mice.
| Early Lesions (Flat-Type Lesions) 1 | Tumors (Protuberant-Type Lesions) 2 | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group | n | Incidence (%) | Mean Number 3 | Colon Distribution 4 | Incidence (%) | Mean Number 3 | Colon Distribution 4 | Classification 5 | |||||
| Proximal | Distal | Proximal | Distal | P | S | EX | EN | ||||||
| Normal | 10 | 10 * | 0.10 ± 0.10 b | 1 (100%) | 0 (0%) | 0 * | 0.00 ± 0.00 b | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| AOM + DSS | 10 | 60 | 1.00 ± 0.30 a,b | 0 (0%) | 10 (100%) | 80 | 4.20 ± 1.01 a | 0 (0%) | 42 (100%) | 14 | 16 | 2 | 10 |
| AVA + AOM + DSS | 8 | 100 | 2.13 ± 0.30 a | 0 (0%) | 17 (100%) | 50 | 0.63 ± 0.26 b | 1 (20%) | 4 (80%) | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| SO + AOM + DSS | 8 | 100 | 2.13 ± 0.61 a | 1 (6%) | 16 (94%) | 38 | 0.38 ± 0.18 b | 0 (0%) | 3 (100%) | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
1 Macroscopic quantitative evaluation of flat-type lesions. 2 Macroscopic quantitative evaluation of protuberant lesions or tumors. 3 Total number of early lesions or tumors/mice per group. 4 Total number of early lesions or tumors and incidence between parenthesis. 5 Tumor classification: P, pedunculate; S, sessile; EX, exophytic, and EN, endophytic. * Incidence is statistically significant according to the Chi-square test (p < 0.05). AVA: phenolic AVA extract (0.084 mg GAE/day); SO: sprouted oat (30 mg/day).