JNK activated by ROS is required for Res-induced autophagy. Following treatment with 40 µM Res for 24 h or 48 h, (A) western blot analysis of p-AMPK and p-S6, and (B) p-ERK, p-p38, p-JNK, ERK, p38 and JNK was performed. (C) Following treatment with 40 µM Res in the presence or absence of 10 mM NAC for 48 h, western blot analysis of p-ERK, p-p38 and p-JNK was performed. (D) Following treatment with 40 µM Res in the presence of 20 µM SB203580 or 20 µM SP600125 for 48 h, western blot analysis of LC3B was performed. (E) Following treatment with 40 µM Res in the presence or absence of 20 µM SP600125 for 48 h, western blot analysis of p-JNK and p-BCL2. NS, *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001 vs. control group; #P<0.05, ##P<0.01 vs. Res group. JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase; ROS, reactive oxygen species; Res, resveratrol; NAC, N-acetyl cysteine; NS, not significant.