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. 2020 Feb 7;11(2):172. doi: 10.3390/mi11020172

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Two types of schematic diagrams of electrochemical actuated microvalves. (a) A microvalve based on electrochemically actuated SU8 cantilever [37]; (b) A microfluidic valve based on electrochemical (ECM) actuated membrane [39].