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. 2020 Feb 6;8(2):220. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms8020220

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Effect of small-volume intake of A. lappa in the morning on the relative abundance of some bacteria and prediction of function by PICRUSt analysis. (A) The relative abundance of phylum level, (B) genus level in each group, (C) PICRUSt analysis of immune system, and (D) antigen processing and presentation and the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway. All data are represented as mean ± SEM (n = 5 for each group). p < 0.05 evaluated using the t-test. The morning group took A. lappa during ZT12–ZT15 and was sacrificed at ZT19.