Table 1.
Demographics characteristics.
| Overall sample (n = 181) |
Cases (n = 64) |
Controls (n = 117) |
p-Value (t or χ2) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cortisol (μg/dL): M (SD) | ||||
| Trimester 1 | 14.77 (5.12) | 14.40 (5.44) | 14.97 (5.00) | 0.688 |
| Trimester 2 | 23.23 (9.45) | 21.79 (7.75) | 24.19 (10.36) | 0.163 |
| Trimester 3 | 38.44 (12.17) | 36.77 (11.44) | 39.37 (12.51) | 0.190 |
| Gestational age at blood draw (weeks): M (SD) | ||||
| Trimester 1 | 10.92 (1.92) | 11.19 (1.86) | 10.77 (1.96) | 0.443 |
| Trimester 2 | 20.27 (3.61) | 20.04 (3.69) | 20.42 (3.58) | 0.589 |
| Trimester 3 | 34.57 (2.85) | 34.68 (3.02) | 34.51 (2.77) | 0.708 |
| Potential covariates | ||||
| Birth weight (grams): M (SD) | 3322.43 (521.57) | 3379.85 (552.52) | 3291.02 (503.50) | 0.275 |
| Gestational age (weeks): M (SD) | 40.16 (2.37) | 40.48 (2.02) | 39.99 (2.53) | 0.183 |
| Maternal age at childbirth: M (SD) | 27.84 (6.27) | 28.30 (6.24) | 27.59 (6.30) | 0.474 |
| Maternal race: N (%) | ||||
| Caucasian | 96 (53.93) | 32 (50.79) | 64 (55.65) | 0.534 |
| African American | 69 (38.76) | 27 (42.86) | 42 (36.52) | 0.407 |
| Asian | 9 (5.06) | 1 (1.59) | 8 (6.96) | 0.118 |
| Maternal education: N (%) | ||||
| High school or less | 89 (54.94) | 38 (66.67) | 51 (48.57) | 0.027* |
| More than high school | 73 (45.06) | 19 (33.33) | 54 (51.43) | |
| Infant sex: %M (%F) | 67.40 (32.60) | 65.63 (34.38) | 68.38 (31.62) | 0.706 |
The following variables had missing data: For cases: maternal race (n = 4), maternal education (n = 7). For controls: gestational age (n = 1), maternal age at childbirth (n = 1), maternal race (n = 3), maternal education (n = 12). p-Values correspond to tests of differences between cases and controls (t-tests for continuous variables and chi-square tests for categorical variables).
*
p < 0.05.