FIG. 1.

Diversity of mitochondrial metabolism. Mitochondria contain a remarkable array of metabolic functions that converge to key intermediates that are coupled to the TCA cycle and support bioenergetics, anabolic pathways, and detoxification (A–I). Metabolomics methods support measurement of metabolites in most pathways, enabling network analysis of mitochondrial function by coupling with other omics and phenotypic measures. 4-HB, 4-hydroxybenzoaldehyde; ALA, δ-aminolevulinic acid; CI through CV, complex I through V; CoQ, ubiquinone, coenzyme Q₁₀; CPT, carnitine palmitoyltransferase; CYP, cytochrome P450; cyt c, cytochrome c; Dhodh, dihydroorotate dehydrogenase; FA, fatty acid; Rhod, rhodanese; TCA, tricarboxylic acid.