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Traditional and HIV-associated risk factors for kidney disease
| Traditional risk factors |
| Age |
| Ethnicity |
| Socioeconomic factors |
| Diabetes mellitus and obesity |
| Hypertension |
| Tobacco misuse |
| HIV-associated risk factors |
| History of recurrent acute kidney injury |
| HIV viral replication |
| Nadir CD4+ T cell count |
| APOL 1 gene risk alleles |
| Anti-retroviral therapy |
| Illicit drug use |
| Coinfections, esp. Hepatitis B and C |
