Table 4.
Characteristics of articles included in the review
| Author and Date | Location | Design | Method | Setting | Sample | Topic | Implementation Stage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Band et al. [31] (2017) | England | Mixed Methods | Semi-structured interviews; focus groups; synthesis of qualitative literature; quantitative systematic review | Primary care |
Patients (n = 50); Patient interviewees (n = 16); HCP interviewees (n = 16) |
Blood pressure | Development |
| Bayliss et al. [32] (2016) | England | Qualitative | Semi-structured interviews | Primary care | Patients (n = 11); GP (n = 8) | ME/CFS | Evaluation |
| Blickem et al. [33] (2014) | England | Qualitative | Ethnographic | Primary care | Patients (n = 20); Telephone Support Workers (n = 3) | Chronic kidney disease | Trial |
| Bouamrane and Mair [34]. (2013) | Scotland | Qualitative | Semi-structured interviews and focus groups | Primary care | GP (n = 25) | Electronic referral system | Evaluation |
| Bouamrane and Mair [35]. (2014) | Scotland | Qualitative | Semi-structured interviews and focus groups | Primary care | GP (n = 25) | Electronic referral system | Evaluation |
| Browne et al. [36] (2014) | Scotland | Qualitative | Semi-structured interviews and focus groups | Primary care Secondary care | Patients (n = 30); Carers (n = 20); Community Care Professionals (n = 39); Heart Failure Specialists (n = 22); Palliative Care Professionals (n = 4) | Chronic heart failure | Development |
| Buckingham et al. [37] (2015) | Scotland | Qualitative | Semi-structured interviews and group interviews |
Primary care Community health |
Patients (n = 32); Carers (n = 3); HCP (n = 28) | COPD | Trial |
| Carter et al. [38] (2016) | England | Qualitative | Semi-structured interviews and focus groups | Primary care | GP (n = 13); PN (n = 9); Practice Managers (n = 5); Practice Administrators (n = 23) | Patient feedback | Evaluation |
| Coupe et al. [39] (2014) | England | Qualitative | Semi-structured interviews | Primary care | Case managers (n = 6); Supervisors (n = 5); GP (n = 15) | Collaborative care: Depression | Evaluation |
| De Brún et al. [59] (2015) | Europe (Austria, England, Greece, Ireland, Netherlands, Scotland) | Documentary review | Mapping | Primary care | Cross-cultural communication | Development | |
| Farr et al. [40] (2018) | England | Mixed-methods | Semi-structured interviews; patient survey; e-consultation data | Primary care | Primary care practice stakeholders [GP (n = 10); Nurse Practitioner (n = 1); Practice Managers(n = 6); Practice Administrators (n = 6)]; Patients (n = 75) | e-consultation | Evaluation |
| Grant et al. [41] (2017) | England | Qualitative | In-depth interview | Primary care | GP (n = 17); Practice Managers/Administrators (n = 9); Practice Pharmacists (n = 3) | Prescribing | Evaluation |
| Hoskins et al. [42] (2016) | Scotland | Mixed-methods | Patient data, semi-structured interviews (practice nurses and patients) | Primary care | PN (n = 10); patients (n = 14) | Asthma management | Trial |
| Kennedy et al. [43] (2014) | England | Mixed-methods | Semi-structured interviews and survey data | Primary care |
Patients (n = 24) and Stakeholders from 31 practices including GP; Nurses, Practice manager and Administrators |
Long-term conditions | Evaluation |
| Kennedy et al. [44] (2014) | England | Qualitative | Semi-structured interviews | Primary care | PN (n = 11); Assistant Practitioners (n = 1) | Long-term conditions | Evaluation |
| Knowles et al. [45] (2013) | England | Qualitative | Semi-structured interviews | Primary care | Psychological Well-being Practitioners (n = 6); PN (n = 17) | Collaborative care: Mental health co-morbidity | Evaluation |
| Ling et al. [46] (2012) | England | Qualitative | Case-study; semi-structured interviews; observations; semi-structured questionnaire, and documentary analysis |
Primary care Secondary care Community health |
Staff stakeholders (n = 213) | Integrated care | Evaluation |
| Lionis et al. [59] (2016) | Europe (Austria, England, Greece, Republic of Ireland, Netherlands) | Qualitative | Stakeholder (JT PLA Style Focus Group) | Primary care |
Total: n = 304 governmental and non-governmental agencies England n = 9. Total: Stakeholders (n = 78): England: Migrant Community stakeholders (n = 7); GP (n = 1), Interpreter (n = 1), Policy Maker (n = 1) |
Guidelines and training initiatives (G/TIs) are available to support communication in cross-cultural consultations | Development |
| Martindale et al. [47] (2017) | England | Qualitative | Semi-structured interviews | Primary care | GP (n = 7); PN (n = 5); Community Pharmacist (n = 5); Practice Pharmacist (n = 4); Practice Administrator (n = 2); HCA (n = 1); Patients (n = 5) | Prevention of acute kidney injury | Evaluation |
| Morden et al. [48] (2015) | England | Qualitative | Ethnographic | Primary care |
GP (n = 9); PN (n = 4) |
Osteoarthritis | Evaluation |
| Morris et al. [49] (2016) | England | Qualitative | Semi-structured interviews | Primary care | GP (n = 12); PN (n = 8); Pharmacists (n = 12); Patients (n = 10) | Acute kidney injury | Evaluation |
| O’Donnell and Kaner [50]. (2017) | England | Qualitative | In-depth, semi-structured interviews | Primary care | GP (n = 14) | Brief alcohol interventions | Evaluation |
| Ong et al. [51] (2014) | England | Qualitative | Ethnographic | Primary care | GP (n = 10); PN (n = 5) | Osteoarthritis | Evaluation |
| Porter et al. [52] (2016) | Wales | Qualitative | Semi-structured interviews and focus groups | Primary care | GP (n = 31); PN (n = 2); Practice Manager (n = 10) | Emergency admission prediction | Evaluation |
| Reeve et al. [53] (2016) | England | Qualitative | Ethnographic | Primary care | HCP; Commissioners, and Patients. (n = unspecified) | Mental health | Evaluation |
| Reeve et al. [54] (2018) | England | Quantitative | Survey | Primary care | Nurse Prescriber (n = 234); GP (n = 97); Pharmacist (n = 88) | Polypharmacy prescribing | Development |
| Ricketts et al. [58] (2016) | England | Qualitative | Semi-structured interviews | Primary care | GP (n = 9); PN (n = 13); Reception Staff (n = 7). | Sexual health | Evaluation |
| Rostami et al. [55] (2018) | England | Qualitative | Semi-structured interviews | Primary care Secondary care | Primary Care Pharmacists (n = 2); Hospital Pharmacists (n = 9); Hospital Nurse (n = 3); Clinical Auditor (n = 1) | Prescribing safety | Evaluation |
| Stevenson [56]. (2015) | England | Qualitative | Semi-structured interviews and focus groups | Primary care | Patients (n = 50); Practice Staff (n = 7); Stakeholders (n = 11) | CPRD implementation | Evaluation |
| Teunissen et al. [61] (2017) | Europe (Austria, England, Greece, Republic of Ireland, Netherlands) | Qualitative | Ethnography | Primary care | 66 Stakeholders [GP (n = 14); PN (n = 8); Policy Makers (n = 12); Administrators (n = 6); Trainers (n = 4); Interpreters (n = 4); Migrants/Migrant Representatives (n = 18)] | Cross-cultural communication | Evaluation |
| Webster et al. [57] (2016) | England | Qualitative | Semi-structured interview | Primary care | Patients (n = 4); GP (n = 5); PN (n = 3); HCA (n = 1); mental health gateway worker (n = 1) | Collaborative care | Evaluation |
GP General Practitioner
HCA Health Care Assistant
HCP Health Care Professional
PN Practice Nurse