J20 mice exposed to chronic nPM had increased 4-HNE in cerebral cortex, but not cerebellum. a, c 4-HNE immunohistochemistry: a cerebral cortex. c cerebellum. b, d Quantification of 4-HNE immunostaining. b cerebral cortex: 2-fold increase of 4-HNE (p<0.001) from nPM exposure; b 4-HNE in cortical layers 2-4: d cerebellum 4-HNE, no change. e 4-HNE immunoblots of lipid raft enriched fractions, Ponceau red staining as a loading control for protein. f Quantified 4-HNE immunoblots of panel e: nPM exposure increased 4-HNE in lipid rafts from cortex (p < 0.05), but not cerebellum. ctrl= 7, nPM= 8 mice. Scale bar: 100 μm; mean ± SEM. * p<0.05, *** p<0.005, ****p<0.001.