Table 2.

Effects of yoga on outcome variables

Variable	Value at 6 months			Change from baseline to 6 months
	Yoga (N = 11)	Control (N = 13)	P Value	Yoga (N = 11)	Control (N = 13)	P Value
Daily steps	9305 ± 3010	8042 ± 4431	0.432	− 912 ± 2229	− 1346 ± 1416	0.585
6MWD (m)	606 ± 53	534 ± 72	0.011	55 ± 29	18 ± 49	0.040
SpO2 after exercise	89 ± 9	89 ± 9	0.903	0.5 ± 8.2	−1.5 ± 3.1	0.058†
Borg score after exercise	0.4 ± 0.8	0.6 ± 0.8	0.267†	−0.4 ± 0.8	−0.5 ± 1.1	0.737
VEGF-D, pg/ml	2079 ± 1149	2913 ± 2874	0.977†	− 183 ± 660	128 ± 654	0.505†
St. George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ)
Symptoms	9.6 ± 10.5	12.5 ± 13.0	0.681†	−4.6 ± 8.2	−2.5 ± 12.6	0.416†
Activity	26.5 ± 13.5	31.2 ± 22.0	0.485†	−2.4 ± 11.6	−2.5 ± 7.8	0.882†
Impact	8.8 ± 5.2	14.5 ± 14.0	0.640†	−3.0 ± 10.2	−3.7 ± 10.1	0.769†
Total	15.5 ± 6.1	19.3 ± 15.0	0.384†	−1.9 ± 7.5	−3.2 ± 6.5	0.682†
Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)
Anxiety	0.9 ± 1.4	1.8 ± 2.1	0.283†	−0.8 ± 1.5	−1.1 ± 1.8	0.632†
Depression	0.7 ± 0.8	0.8 ± 1.2	0.678†	−0.5 ± 2.3	−0.6 ± 1.1	0.197†
Pulmonary function testing
FEV1 (ml)	2062 ± 612	1974 ± 770	0.763	−29 ± 182	−104 ± 143	0.310†
FEV1%pred	74.8 ± 19.8	74.3 ± 25.2	0.957	−0.8 ± 6.6	−3.0 ± 5.5	0.432†
FVC (ml)	3252 ± 606	3225 ± 457	0.898	9 ± 268	−82 ± 149	0.581†
FVC%pred	101.6 ± 14.5	105.5 ± 14.0	0.511	0.8 ± 8.8	−0.2 ± 4.9	0.681†
FEV1/FVC	62.8 ± 12.7	61.1 ± 20.6	0.803	−1.2 ± 4.2	5.3 ± 23.8	0.750†
Incremental CPET
VO2Peak (ml/min/kg)	21.2 ± 3.4	18.5 ± 5.5	0.164	5.8 ± 2.2	4.1 ± 4.2	0.224
AT (ml/min/kg)	13.1 ± 2.7	11.3 ± 2.4	0.089	3.4 ± 2.4	1.6 ± 1.4	0.035
Peak work load (W)	103.1 ± 23.5	82.9 ± 27.6	0.070	11.7 ± 14.6	0.2 ± 9.1	0.027
Breathing Reserve	40.36 ± 21.25	46.46 ± 29.47	0.608	−3.27 ± 8.91	1.15 ± 9.63	0.186

The data are expressed as the means±SD

† The p value was calculated with the use of the Wilcoxon rank-sum test

Abbreviations: see Table 1