Table 2.
Associations of Estradiol Variability, Ovulatory Progesterone, and Vasomotor Symptoms With Severity of Depressive Symptoms in 50 Perimenopausal Women With Mild-to-Moderate Depressive Symptoms
| Univariate Models | Multivariate Model | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| B (95% CI) | P value | B (95% CI) | P value | |
| Coefficient of variability of ln-E2 | 0.11 (0.02, 0.21) | 0.02 | 0.11 (0.04, 0.18) | 0.002 |
| Presence of ovulatory progesterone | −2.62 (−4.52, −0.71) | 0.007 | −2.68 (−4.10, −1.27) | <0.001 |
| VMS frequency | 0.05 (−0.24, 0.33) | 0.75 | ||
| Demographic covariates | ||||
| Age | 0.18 (−0.08, 0.43) | 0.17 | ||
| Race (Caucasian yes/no) | 0.25 (−1.74, 2.24) | 0.81 | ||
| Married (yes/no) | −0.46 (−2.44, 1.52) | 0.65 | ||
| College graduate (yes/no) | −1.57 (−3.54, 0.40) | 0.12 | ||
| BMI, kg/m2 | 0.23 (0.08, 0.37) | 0.002 | 0.22 (0.12, 0.32) | <0.001 |
| Lifecourse experience | ||||
| No. recent stressful life events | 0.31 (0.01, 0.62) | 0.04 | 0.30 (0.08, 0.51) | 0.007 |
| Lifetime history of depression | 3.77 (1.97, 5.57) | <0.001 | 3.38 (1.93, 4.84) | <0.001 |
Estimates are B-coefficients determined by generalized estimating equation analyses. All models were adjusted for the number of days between study visits. Severity of depressive symptoms was assessed by the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS).
Abbreviations: ln-E2, natural log of estradiol; BMI, body mass index; VMS, vasomotor symptoms.