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. 2020 Feb 13;10(2):320. doi: 10.3390/nano10020320

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Effects of nanostructured titanium surfaces on mRNA expression of osteogenic genes in osteoblasts, cultured for 1, 4 and 24 days on flat titanium (Ti), anodized titanium of different crystallinity (amorphous (AM) and anatase (AN)) and cell culture plastic (PL). qRT-PCR of mRNA of runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2, A), osteopontin (OPN, B), integrin binding sialoprotein (IBSP, C), alkaline phosphatase (ALP, D) and osteocalcin (OCN, E). ** p < 0.05, *** p < 0.01 for tested substrates versus Ti and for AM vs. AN.