Avanafil |
Treatment of erectile dysfunction |
Excised abdominal rat skin |
Optimized invasomal film improved the bioavailability and transdermal permeation of Avanafil |
[63] |
Idebenone Azelaic acid |
Antioxidant/anticancer, anti-acne |
Excised human skin |
LeciPlex exhibited higher permeation of idebenone and invasomes exhibited higher permeation of azelaic acid |
[64] |
Curcumin |
Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer activity |
Shed snake skin |
Physicochemical characteristics of the formulations influenced by terpene and Tween 20 |
[65] |
Curcumin |
Anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, Etc. |
Excised rat skin |
Invasome with 0.5% limonene improved intradermal penetration of curcumin |
[56] |
Temoporfin |
Photodynamic therapy (a pilot study) |
Mice skin |
Temoporfin invasomes containing a 1% terpene mixture decreased tumor size significantly by photodynamic therapy compared to control groups |
[35] |
Temoporfin |
Photodynamic therapy |
Human epidermoid tumor cell line A431 |
In the A431 cells temoporfin-loaded invasomes were more cytotoxic |
[66] |
Temoporfin |
Photodynamic therapy |
Abdominal human skin |
Invasomal formulation with 1% mixture of terpenes exhibited a significantly enhanced deposition of temoporfin in the SC compared to liposomes |
[38] |
Ferulic acid |
Antioxidant effect |
Excised human skin |
Ethosomes are better vesicular carriers for the delivery of ferulic acid into the skin than invasomes |
[67] |