Table 2.

Antibacterial applications of silver-based nanoparticles, with respective mminimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values.

Nanoparticles Efficacy	Physicochemical Characteristics of the Nanoparticles	Production Method	Therapeutic Efficacy	MIB and MIC Values	Reference
Coliforms bacteria in water and fecal media	Monodispersed spherical AgNPs Average size 20–60 nm ζ-potential (−30 to −15) mV	(Chemical reduction) Green method from extracts of Olea Europaea leaves (Leccino and Carolea), pH 7 or 8	Antibacterial activity evaluated with total bacteria detection by plate count techniques. Conducted trials of toxicology and cytotoxicity (WST-8 assay, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay, comet assay)	Data not shown	[105]
Human pathogenic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA))	Spherical or rarely polygonal AgNPs Average size 44 nm	(Chemical reduction) Green method AgNPs were synthesized using Picea abies L. stem bark extract, and sing different surfactants	Effective antioxidant activity	Staphylococcus Aureus: (MIC 0.05 mg/mL, MBC 1.57 mg/mL) MRSA: MIC 0.09 mg/mL, MCB 0.25 mg/mL) E. coli MIC: 0.23 mg/mL, MCB 0.31 mg/mL Klebsiella pneumoniae MIC 0.63 mg/mL, MCB: 1.18 mg/mL Pseudomonas aeruginosa MIC 0.16 mg/mL, MCB 0.31 mg/mL	[106]
Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa	Spherical shape Average size 430 nm ζ-potential −15.2 mV	(Chemical reduction) Green method. synthesized using terpenes rich extract of Lantana camara L. leaves	Antibacterial aactivity assessed using agar-well diffusion method Conducted trials of Brine shrimp cytotoxicity and antioxidant potential	Data not shown	[107]
Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli	Spherical shape Average size between 10–26 nm	(Chemical reduction) Green method. AgNPs were synthesized using Acalypha wilkesiana extract	Agar-well diffusion method was used to evaluate antibacterial activity	Data not shown	[108]
Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli (Extended-Spectrum Beta-lactamase (ESBL), and MRSA	Average size 77.68 ± 33.95 nm ζ- potential −34.6 ± 12.7 mV UV–Vis wavelength: 420 nm	(Fungus-mediated Synthesis) Green method. AgNPs were synthesized using Fusarium oxysporum	MIC, antibacterial combination assay Antimicrobial disk susceptibility test and time-kill curve assay used to evaluate antibacterial activity. Also conducted trials of cytotoxicity assay in human red blood cells	MRSA MIC 0.212 mg/mL ESBL MIC 0.106 mg/mL	[109]
Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio cholerae, Enterococcus faecalis, Hafnia alvei, Acinetobacter baumannii	Average size: first method: 428.2 ± 197.0 second method: 190.1 ± 102nm Polydispersity index: 0.4 ζ-Potential first method −22.1 ± 0.9 and second method −26.1 ± 1.4 mV, UV–Vis wavelength 412 and 418 nm.	(Chemical reduction) Green method. AgNPs were synthesized using Andrographis paniculate, aqueous, and ethanolic extracts	The zone of inhibition (ZOI), MIC, trypan blue dye exclusion assay, also conducted trials of CellToxTm green assay, LPO assay, hemocompatibility assay and in vivo intravenous delivery of AgNPs and Investigation of liver and kidney function biomarkers	S. typhi MIC 0.125 and 0.250 μg/mL H. alvei MIC 0.125 and 0.125 μg/mL E. faecalis MIC 0.250 and 0.250 μg/mL A. baumannii MIC 0.250 and 0.125 μg/mL E. coli MIC 0.125 and 0.250 μg/mL V. cholera MIC 0.125 and 0.125 μg/mL	[110]
Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Escherichia coli	Spherical shape Average size 13.2 ± 2.9 nm ζ-potential −16.6 mV UV–Vis wavelength 420 nm	(bacterial-mediated Synthesis) Green method. AgNPs were synthesized using acidophilic actinobacterial SH11	Disc diffusion, MIC and LIVE/DEAD analyses to evaluate antibacterial activity	S. aureus MIC 40 μg/mL E. coli MIC 70 μg/mL B. subtilis MIC 40 μg/ml	[111]
Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa	Average size between 6.28–9.84 nm, UV–Vis wavelength range of 391– 403 nm	(Chemical reduction) Method into the lamellar space layer of montmorillonite/chitosan (MMT/Cts) on using NaBH4	Disc diffusion method to evaluate antibacterial activity	Data not shown	[112]
Bacillus subtilis and MRSA	Average size between 10 and 35 nm Polydispersity index 0.2, ζ-potential of −30 mV UV–Vis wavelength of 421 nm	(bacterial-mediated Synthesis) synthesized AgNps from the exopolysaccharide of recently recovered bacterial strain CEES51	Zone Inhibition Assay, MIC, MBC, Antibiofilm activity determination, colony-forming unit determination to estimate the bacterial susceptibility against AgNPs, intracellular reactive oxygen species production by AgNPs inside bacterial cells	B. subtilis MIC 10 μg/mL, MBC 50 μg/mL MRSA MIC 10 μg/mL, MBC 12.5 μg/ml	[113]
Vibrio natriegens	Average size 10 ± 5 nm, 30 ± 5 nm, 60 ± 5 nm, 90 ± 5 nm UV–Vis wavelength ranged from 400–420 nm	(Chemical reduction) Green method. AgNPs of different size were synthesized using casein hydroly- sate as a reducing reagent and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as a catalyst	MIC, MCB, reactive oxygen species production by AgNps inside bacterial cells	MIC 1.0–11.5 μg/mL MBC 1.1–11.7 μg/ml	[114]
Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli	Average size 20 nm UV–Vis wavelength of 390 nm	(Chemical reduction) Green method AgNPs were synthesized using Ultrasound assisted fabrication and fenugreek seed extract as a reducing and capping agent	The agar diffusion method was used for the antimicrobial assay. And the antioxidant activity	Data not shown	[115]
Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella dysenteriae, and Salmonella typhi	Average size from 60 to 80 nm	(fungus-mediated Synthesis) Green method. AgNPs were synthesized using Penicillium oxalicum	Antimicrobial potential in liquid broth by optical density measurements, and disc diffusion method	Data not shown	[116]
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli MRSA	Average size 10 to 40 nm ζ-potential −29 ± 0.11 mV	(Chemical reduction) Green method. AgNPs were synthesized using lyophilized Seabuckthorn	MIC, MCB, evaluation of P. aeruginosa biofilm, anti-quorum sensing inhibition assay. Also conducted trials of cytotoxicity assay with human dermal fibroblast	P. aeruginosa MIC 2 μg/mL, MBC 4 μg/mL E. coli MIC 4 μg/mL, MBC 8 μg/mL S. aureus MIC 4 μg/mL, MBC 8 μg/mL K. pneumoniae MIC 8 μg/mL, MBC 16 μg/mL	[117]
Escherichia coli- 25922 and multidrug-resistant pathogens of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii	Spherical shape Average size from 35 to 50 nm, UV–Vis wavelength of 326 nm	(Chemical reduction) Green method. AgNPs were synthesized using Sisymbrium irio extract	The agar diffusion method was used for the antimicrobial assay	Data not shown	[118]
Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus Luteus, Bacillus Subtilis, Enerococcus Sp. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumonia	Spherical shape Average size 10 nm UV–Vis wavelength of 432 nm	(Chemical reduction) Green method. AgNPs were synthesized using Tamarindus indica natural fruit extract	The agar diffusion method was used for the antimicrobial assay	Data not shown	[119]
Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonous fluorescence and Salmonella typhi	Average size 21 nm ζ-potential −32 mV UV–Vis wavelength of 421nm	(Chemical reduction) Green method. AgNPs were synthesized using Ficus religiosa leaf extract	Kirby–Bauer Disk diffusion method and the growth inhibition curve of E. coli was examined after the exposure of AgNPs. Also conducted trials of anti-cancer activity and in vivo toxicity	Data not shown	[120]