Table 1.
Information on environmental hazard of individual lanthanides for main aquatic organism groups: number of papers in Web of Science (WoS), including 16 reviews. Search in WoS was made on 4 June 2019 and it covered Title, Abstract, Author Keywords, and Editor Keywords. The search terms are presented and explained in the footnotes.
| Ecological Group | Ln, REE 8 |
La | Ce | Pr | Nd | Sm | Eu | Gd | Tb | Dy | Ho | Er | Tm | Yb | Lu | Total * |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Microorganims 1 | 19 | 11 | 48 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 93 |
| Phytoplankton 2 | 21 | 13 | 28 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 58 |
| Macrophytes 3 | 13 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 17 |
| Zooplankton 4 | 13 | 7 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 28 |
| Nekton 5 | 17 | 13 | 22 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 41 |
| Benthos 6 | 17 | 8 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 24 |
| Bioaccumulation 7 | 37 | 12 | 20 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 51 |
1 (element name) AND (* toxic *) AND (microorganism * OR bacteri * OR protozoa OR protist * OR yeast) 2 (element name) AND (* toxic *) AND (phytoplankton OR microalga * OR alga *) 3 (element name) AND (* toxic *) AND (macrophyte * OR “aquatic plant *” OR macroalga * OR duckweed OR Myriophyllum) 4 (element name) AND (* toxic *) AND (zooplankt * OR microinvertebrate * OR microcrustacea * OR * daphni * OR “D. magna”) 5 (element name) AND (* toxic *) AND (fish OR Danio “or “D. rerio”) 6 (element name) AND (* toxic *) AND (benth * OR mussel * OR clam * OR oyster * OR oligichaet * OR amphipod * OR chironomid *) 7 (element name) AND (* toxic *) AND (* accumulat * OR “body burden” OR * uptake) AND (marine OR aquatic OR aqueous OR * water *) 8 (Lanthanide * OR “rare earth”) AND (* toxic *) AND (one of the combinations given above) * Total number of papers found in the literature search. The total number is lower than the sum of the papers found in each individual search as some of the papers occurred repeatedly in the searches.