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(a) Cross-sectional SEM image of a CQD@PMMA coating deposited onto a fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate at 3000 rpm. (b) J–V characteristics (scan rate 0.5 V s−1) of a PSC device before and after application of a CQD@PMMA coating tested under 1 sun illumination and in the dark (blue solid line). (c) J–V curves of a PSC device before and after application of a neat PMMA layer. (d) External quantum efficiency (EQE) spectra of a PSC before and after application of a CQD@PMMA layer.
