Table 1.
Nomenclature, experimental conditions of the electrochemical synthesis, and characteristics of the different EGO samples.
| Sample | Voltage | Time I | Time II | H2SO4 | C/O | OEDX | ID/IG | d 001 | t |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I/II (V) | (min) | (s) | (wt%) | Ratio | (%) | Ratio | (nm) | (nm) | |
| GO* | _ | _ | _ | _ | 2.25 | 31.00 | 1.04 | 0.8615 | 13.8 |
| EGO 1 | 1.0/10 | 10 | 60 | 65 | 2.09 | 33.12 | 0.41 | 0.8816 | 12.1 |
| EGO 2 | 1.0/10 | 10 | 120 | 65 | 1.98 | 35.41 | 0.47 | 0.8956 | 10.7 |
| EGO 3 | 1.0/20 | 10 | 30 | 98 | 1.72 | 40.12 | 1.01 | 0.9034 | 7.14 |
| EGO 4 | 1.0/20 | 10 | 60 | 40 | 1.91 | 36.11 | 0.59 | 0.9135 | 9.13 |
| EGO 5 | 1.0/20 | 10 | 60 | 65 | 1.79 | 38.33 | 0.70 | 0.9145 | 7.11 |
| EGO 6 | 1.0/20 | 10 | 60 | 98 | 1.54 | 44.80 | 1.37 | 0.9187 | 3.98 |
| EGO 7 | 1.0/30 | 30 | 60 | 40 | 2.32 | 29.76 | 0.43 | 0.8594 | 14.4 |
| EGO 8 | 1.0/30 | 30 | 120 | 65 | 2.57 | 26.85 | 0.54 | 0.8576 | 16.5 |
| EGO 9 | 2.0/10 | 10 | 60 | 65 | 1.88 | 36.69 | 0.79 | 0.9161 | 8.75 |
| EGO 10 | 2.0/10 | 10 | 120 | 65 | 1.81 | 38.40 | 0.69 | 0.9356 | 7.37 |
| EGO 11 | 2.0/20 | 10 | 30 | 65 | 1.95 | 35.38 | 0.74 | 0.9021 | 10.2 |
| EGO 12 | 2.0/20 | 10 | 30 | 98 | 1.59 | 43.39 | 1.51 | 0.9218 | 4.24 |
| EGO 13 | 2.0/20 | 10 | 60 | 40 | 1.80 | 38.33 | 0.77 | 0.9378 | 7.53 |
| EGO 14 | 2.0/20 | 10 | 60 | 65 | 1.67 | 41.31 | 0.87 | 0.9595 | 5.84 |
| EGO 15 | 2.0/20 | 10 | 60 | 98 | 1.46 | 47.26 | 1.68 | 0.9230 | 3.79 |
| EGO 16 | 2.0/20 | 10 | 120 | 40 | 1.78 | 38.77 | 0.93 | 0.9167 | 7.26 |
| EGO 17 | 2.0/20 | 10 | 120 | 65 | 1.69 | 40.82 | 0.99 | 0.9496 | 5.92 |
| EGO 18 | 2.0/30 | 10 | 30 | 65 | 2.49 | 27.71 | 1.22 | 0.8583 | 15.8 |
| EGO 19 | 2.0/10 | 30 | 30 | 98 | 2.48 | 27.82 | 1.71 | 0.8472 | 16.0 |
| EGO 20 | 2.0/20 | 30 | 120 | 65 | 2.27 | 30.39 | 1.23 | 0.8602 | 14.5 |
| EGO 21 | 2.0/30 | 30 | 60 | 40 | 2.88 | 23.96 | 1.30 | 0.8564 | 18.6 |
| EGO 22 | 2.0/30 | 30 | 120 | 65 | 2.96 | 23.31 | 1.39 | 0.8499 | 17.9 |
* Synthesized by a modified Hummers’ method. I and II refer to the intercalation and exfoliation stages, respectively. The C/O ratio has been calculated from elemental analysis measurements, the percentage of oxygen (OEDX) from EDX measurements, ID/IG is the integrated intensity ratio of the D and G peaks from the Raman spectra, t is the average flake thickness obtained from AFM measurements, and d is the interlayer spacing corresponding to the (001) reflection of GO obtained from the X-ray diffractograms.