Allen 1993 |
No clinical outcomes, only interface pressure recorded. |
Andrews 1989 |
Did not fulfil study design criteria. |
Bales 2012 |
This is a quasi‐randomised study. The method of randomisation is unclear and insufficiently described: “The sample was randomized by alternating the application of each intervention when the patients were admitted to the unit”. It appears that sequence generation took place by a rule based on admission time and therefore there is a high risk of bias. |
Ballard 1997 |
Data recorded were comfort data; no pressure ulcer outcomes. |
Barhyte 1995 |
Did not fulfil study design criteria. No data presented. |
Berthe 2007 |
Did not fulfil study design criteria. Was an RCT however unclear evidence to adequately assess risk of bias. |
Black 2012 |
This study was a prospective, observational study with no randomisation involved. |
Bliss 1967 |
Did not fulfil study design criteria. Patients were recruited to the trial on the basis of their risk score. |
Bliss 1995 |
Whilst 8 surfaces were evaluated in this prospective trial, not all surfaces were in the trial at the same time, therefore, the surfaces were not truly compared with one another contemporaneously. Furthermore, it was possible for patients to be re‐randomised back into the study, which occurred frequently, with a total of 457 mattress trials reported for only 238 patients. The data were not presented by patient; only by mattress trial.
Duplicate citation of Bliss 1994 (Conference abstract).
|
Braniff‐Matthews 1997 |
Healing and prevention outcome data were not separated. |
Brienza 2001 |
Study of pressure measurement. |
Büchner 1995 |
Did not fulfil study design criteria. Criteria for anti‐decubitus management not reported and decided by nurses. Number of pillows provided to third arm of the study was limited and not given to all participants. |
Cassino 2013 |
Healing outcomes |
Chaloner 2000 |
Did not fulfil study design criteria, randomisation corrupted, authors reported that randomisation was compromised on the basis of bed availability. |
Colin 1996 |
No clinical outcomes recorded; only measurements taken were for transcutaneous oxygen tension. |
Conine 1991 |
Did not fulfil study design criteria. |
deBoisblanc 1993 |
Outcome incidence of pneumonia, no pressure ulcer outcomes. |
Defloor 1997 |
Compared turning. |
Defloor 2000 |
Did not compare surfaces. |
Defloor 2005 |
Compared turning. |
Della Valle 2001 |
Outcome of interface pressure. |
Flam 1995 |
Outcome skin temperature and skin moisture level, no pressure ulcer outcomes. |
Fleischer 1997 |
Did not fulfil study design criteria. |
Geelkerken 1994 |
Did not fulfil study design criteria. No data presented. |
Gil Agudo 2009 |
Outcome measure of interface pressure. |
Gray 2008 |
Not an RCT, but a clinical audit. |
Grindley 1996 |
Patients were crossed over between intervention groups at 3 days. Outcome used was the assessment of patient comfort. |
Grisell 2008 |
Outcome measure of interface pressure. |
Gunningberg 1998 |
Did not fulfil study design criteria. Study of risk calculation rather than prevention. |
Haalboom 1994 |
Did not fulfil study design criteria. |
Hampton 1998 |
Did not fulfil study design criteria. |
Hawkins 1997 |
Did not fulfil study design criteria. |
Heyneman 2009 |
Meta‐analysis of 2 previously published RCTs (Vanderwee 2005; Vanderwee 2007). Vanderwee 2005 already included in this review. Vanderwee 2007 excluded as it is a turning trial. |
Holzgreve 1993 |
Full paper unavailable. Insufficient information to assess. |
Huang 2009 |
Evaluated dressings. |
Huang 2013 |
Meta ‐analysis of surgical – related Pressure ulcers |
Inman 1999 |
Comparison of a bed rental versus a bed purchase strategy, not a comparison of surfaces. |
Jacksich 1997 |
Did not fulfil study design criteria. |
Jackson 2011 |
No evidence of randomisation |
Jesurum 1996 |
Did not fulfil study design criteria. |
Koo 1995 |
Did not fulfil study design criteria, study of interface pressure in healthy volunteers. |
Marchand 1993 |
Did not fulfil study design criteria, was a retrospective chart audit. |
McMichael 2008 |
Outcome measure of interface pressure. |
Nakahara 2012 |
Examines pressure ulcer healing only |
Neander 1996 |
Paper in German ‐ translator stated it was not an RCT. There were no data on how the decision to include patients in the control and intervention groups was made. |
Ooka 1995 |
Did not fulfil study design criteria, convenience sample used. |
Pham 2011a |
A costing study only |
Pham 2011b |
A costing study only |
Phillips 1999 |
N of 1 trial design, only one participant in the trial |
Regan 1995 |
This study reported an audit of pressure ulcer incidence after implementation of a comprehensive pressure ulcer policy; it is not a prospective RCT. |
Reynolds 1994 |
Did not fulfil study design criteria. |
Rosenthal 1996 |
Did not fulfil study design criteria. Outcome measure of interface pressure. |
Scott 1995 |
Insufficient information available to make a decision. |
Scott 1999 |
No clinical outcomes, healthy volunteer study of interface pressures. |
Scott 2000 |
Not an RCT of beds and mattresses. |
Simonis 2012 |
Hospital‐acquired pneumonia is primary outcome. Author contacted regarding whether study powered for secondary outcome of pressure injury incidence. |
Stoneberg 1986 |
Historical control group. |
Suarez 1995 |
Controlled clinical trial which recorded only pressure measurements |
Taccone 2009 |
Not investigating support surfaces |
Takala 1994 |
Not an RCT, outcome measure of interface pressure. |
Thomas 1994 |
Did not fulfil study design criteria. |
Timmons 2008 |
Did not fulfil study design criteria. Review of a product not a trial. |
Torra i Bou 2002 |
Evaluated dressings. |
Turnage‐Carrier 2008 |
Outcome measure of interface pressure. |
Vanderwee 2007 |
Compared turning. |
Vanderwee 2008 |
Literature review of previously conducted studies. |
Wells 1984 |
Only recorded interface pressure measurements. |
Wild 1991 |
Interface pressure measurements. |
Wu 2011 |
Study states that it is a clinical trial and no evidence of randomization is provided at any point in the paper. |
Zernike 1997 |
Incidence of pressure ulcers not reported |
Zernike 1994 |
Unable to assess due to information in research paper. Email address provided was no longer valid and we were unable to find other contact details. |