Table 1:

Randomized Crossover Studies

Author, Year	Crossover Comparisons	Device/Protocol	Trial Sample
Bocci et al, 201836	10-kHz (frequency 10 kHz; pulse width 30 μs; amplitude 0.1–13.0 mA) Burst SCS (burst complex of 5 spikes, with a pulse width of 1,000 μs per spike and a spike frequency per burst complex of 500 Hz) Conventional SCS (frequency 10–200 Hz; pulse width 1–1,000 μs; amplitude 0.1–18.0 mA)	Unspecified IPG	N = 30; lower back pain with or without spine surgery
Thomson et al, 201837	Range of SCS frequencies compared: 1, 4, 7, and 10 kHz	Precision (Boston Scientific)	N = 21; responded to low-frequency SCS, primary back pain and no recent spine surgery

Abbreviations: FBSS, failed back surgery syndrome; IPG, implantable pulse generator; SCS, spinal cord stimulation.