Skip to main content
. 2020 Mar 6;20(6):1–109.
Citation Primary Reason for Exclusion
Abejon D, Rueda P, Vallejo R. Threshold evolution as an analysis of the different pulse frequencies in rechargeable systems for spinal cord stimulation. Neuromodulation. 2016;19(3):276-82. Not 10-kHz high-frequency SCS (1,200 Hz)
Ahmadi SA, Vesper J, Schu S, Slotty PJ. High-frequency spinal cord stimulation in surgery-naive patients: a prospective single-center study. Neuromodulation. 2017;20(4):348-53. Wrong study design
Al-Kaisy A, Palmisani S, Smith T, Harris S, Pang D. The use of 10-kilohertz spinal cord stimulation in a cohort of patients with chronic neuropathic limb pain refractory to medical management. Neuromodulation. 2015;18(1):18-23. Wrong study design
Al-Kaisy A, Palmisani S, Smith TE, Pang D, Lam K, Burgoyne W, et al. 10 kHz high-frequency spinal cord stimulation for chronic axial low back pain in patients with no history of spinal surgery: a preliminary, prospective, open label and proof-of-concept study. Wrong study design
Al-Kaisy A, Palmisani S, Smith TE, Carganillo R, Houghton R, Pang D, et al. Long-term improvements in chronic axial low back pain patients without previous spinal surgery: a cohort analysis of 10-kHz high-frequency spinal cord stimulation over 36 months. Pain Med. 2018;19(6):1219-26. Wrong study design
Al-Kaisy A, Van Buyten JP, Smet I, Palmisani S, Pang D, Smith T. Sustained effectiveness of 10khz high-frequency spinal cord stimulation for patients with chronic, low back pain: 24-month results of a prospective multicenter study. Pain Med. 2014;15(3):347-54. Wrong study design
Al-Kaisy A, Palmisani S, Pang D, Sanderson K, Wesley S, Tan Y, et al. Prospective, randomized, sham-control, double blind, crossover trial of subthreshold spinal cord stimulation at various kilohertz frequencies in subjects suffering from failed back surgery syndrome (SCS Frequency Study). Neuromodulation. 2018;21(5):457-65. Not 10-kHz high-frequency SCS (maximum 5,882 Hz)
Annemans L, Van Buyten JP, Smith T, Al-Kaisy A. Cost effectiveness of a novel 10-kHz high-frequency spinal cord stimulation system in patients with failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS). J Long Term Eff Med Implants. 2014;24(2-3):173-84. Cost-effectiveness study
Arcioni R, Palmisani S, Mercieri M, Vano V, Tigano S, Smith T, et al. Cervical 10 kHz spinal cord stimulation in the management of chronic, medically refractory migraine: a prospective, open-label, exploratory study. Eur J Pain. 2016;20(1):70-8. Wrong study design
Bennett DS, Alo KM, Oakley J, Feler CA, Hagen J. Spinal cord stimulation for complex regional pain syndrome I [RSD]: a retrospective multicenter experience from 1995 to 1998 of 101 patients. Neuromodulation. 1999;2(3):202-10. Not 10-kHz high-frequency SCS (250 Hz, lead positioning)
Billet B, Hanssens K, De Coster O, Nagels W, Weiner RL, Wynendaele R, et al. Wireless high-frequency dorsal root ganglion stimulation for chronic low back pain: a pilot study. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2018. Wrong study design
Crapanzano JT, Harrison-Bernard LM, Jones MR, Kaye AD, Richter EO, Potash MN. High frequency spinal cord stimulation for complex regional pain syndrome: a case report. Pain Physician. 2017;20(1):E177-82. Wrong study design
De Carolis G, Paroli M, Tollapi L, Doust MW, Burgher AH, Yu C, et al. Paresthesia-independence: an assessment of technical factors related to 10-kHz paresthesia-free spinal cord stimulation. Pain Physician. 2017;20(4):331-41. Technical investigation of paresthesia and high-frequency SCS
De Ridder D, Lenders MWPM, De Vos CC, Dijkstra-Scholten C, Wolters R, Vancamp T, et al. A 2-center comparative study on tonic versus burst spinal cord stimulation: amount of responders and amount of pain suppression. Clin J Pain. 2015;31(5):433-7. Not 10-kHz high-frequency SCS (burst and conventional frequency)
Edelbroek C, Terheggen M. High-frequency spinal cord stimulation and pregnancy: a case report. Neuromodulation. 2015;18(8):757-8. Wrong study design
Falowski SM. An observational case series of spinal cord stimulation waveforms visualized on intraoperative neuromonitoring. Neuromodulation. 2019;22(2):219-28. Intraoperative findings
Haider N, Ligham D, Quave B, Harum KE, Garcia EA, Gilmore CA, et al. Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) trial outcomes after conversion to a multiple waveform SCS system. Neuromodulation. 2018;21(5):504-7. Wrong study design
Harandi S, Kapural L. Four-extremity neurostimulation using two cervical octapolar leads and high frequency of 10 kHz. Pain Pract. 2018;18(2):269-72. Wrong study design
Herschkowitz D, Kubias J. Wireless peripheral nerve stimulation for complex regional pain syndrome type i of the upper extremity: A case illustration introducing a novel technology. Scand J Pain. 2018;18(3):555-60. Peripheral nerve, not SCS
Kalmar Z, Kovacs N, Balas I, Perlaki G, Plozer E, Orsi G, et al. Effects of spinal cord stimulation on heart rate variability in patients with chronic pain. Ideggyogyaszati Szemle. 2013;66(3-4):102-6. Not 10-kHz high-frequency SCS (200 Hz)
Kinfe TM, Pintea B, Link C, Roeske S, Guresir E, Guresir A, et al. High frequency (10 kHz) or burst spinal cord stimulation in failed back surgery syndrome patients with predominant back pain: preliminary data from a prospective observational study. Neuromodulation. 2016;19(3):268-75. Wrong study design
Kissoon NR, Hoelzer BC, Martin DP, Lamer TJ. High-frequency spinal cord stimulation in a patient with an implanted cardiac device. Pain Pract. 2017;17(4):558-63. Wrong study design
Kriek N, Groeneweg JG, Stronks DL, Huygen FJ. Comparison of tonic spinal cord stimulation, high-frequency and burst stimulation in patients with complex regional pain syndrome: a double-blind, randomised placebo controlled trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2015;16(222). Not 10-kHz high-frequency SCS (1,200 Hz)
Kriek N, Schreurs MWJ, Groeneweg JG, Dik WA, Tjiang GCH, Gultuna I, et al. spinal cord stimulation in patients with complex regional pain syndrome: a possible target for immunomodulation? Neuromodulation. 2018;21(1):77-86. Not 10-kHz high-frequency SCS (burst and 1,200 Hz)
Kumar V, Prusik J, Lin Y, Hwang R, Feustel P, Pilitsis JG. Efficacy of alternating conventional stimulation and high-frequency stimulation in improving spinal cord stimulation outcomes: a pilot study. Neuromodulation. 2018;21(5):466-471. Not 10-kHz high-frequency SCS (260 Hz)
Kumpulainen T, Ronty H, Koivukangas J. Management of patients with pain. Ann Clin Res. 1986;18(Suppl. 47):97-101. Not 10-kHz high-frequency SCS (1,200 Hz)
Lambru G, Trimboli M, Palmisani S, Smith T, Al-Kaisy A. Safety and efficacy of cervical 10 kHz spinal cord stimulation in chronic refractory primary headaches: a retrospective case series. J Headache Pain. 2016;17(1):66. Wrong study design
McAuley J, van Groningen R, Green C. Spinal cord stimulation for intractable pain following limb amputation. Neuromodulation. 2013;16(6):530-6; discussion 6. Not 10-kHz high-frequency SCS (100 Hz)
Miyazaki Y, Koike H, Akane A, Shibata Y, Nishiwaki K, Sobue G. Spinal cord stimulation markedly ameliorated refractory neuropathic pain in transthyretin Val30Met familial amyloid polyneuropathy. Amyloid. 2011;18(2):87-90. Not 10-kHz high-frequency SCS (high-frequency not reported)
Muhammad S, Roeske S, Chaudhry SR, Kinfe TM. Burst or high-frequency (10 kHz) spinal cord stimulation in failed back surgery syndrome patients with predominant back pain: one year comparative data. Neuromodulation. 2017;20(7):661-7. Wrong study design
Noori S, Mehta N. Management of medically refractory central poststroke pain using high-frequency spinal cord stimulation at 10 kHz. Neuromodulation. 2018;21(8):823-5. Wrong study design
North JM, Hong KSJ, Cho PY. Clinical outcomes of 1 kHz subperception spinal cord stimulation in implanted patients with failed paresthesia-based stimulation: results of a prospective randomized controlled trial. Neuromodulation. 2016;19(7):731-7. Not 10-kHz high-frequency SCS (1,000 Hz)
Owusu S, Huynh A, Gruenthal E, Prusik J, Owusu-Sarpong S, Cherala R, et al. Prospective evaluation of patient usage of above and below threshold waveforms with conventional spinal cord stimulation devices. Neuromodulation. 2017;20(6):567-74. Not 10-kHz high-frequency SCS (1,200 Hz)
Perruchoud C, Eldabe S, Batterham AM, Madzinga G, Brookes M, Durrer A, et al. Analgesic efficacy of high-frequency spinal cord stimulation: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. Neuromodulation. 2013;16(4):363-9. Not 10-kHz high-frequency SCS (5,000 Hz)
Rapcan R, Mlaka J, Venglarcik M, Vinklerova V, Gajdos M, Illes R. High-frequency spinal cord stimulation. Bratisl Lek Listy. 2015;116(6):354-6. Wrong study design
Reddy CG, Dalm BD, Flouty OE, Gillies GT, Howard MA, Brennan TJ. Comparison of conventional and kilohertz frequency epidural stimulation in patients undergoing trialing for spinal cord stimulation: clinical considerations. World Neurosurg. 2016;88:586-91. Wrong study design
Russo M, Van Buyten JP. 10-kHz High-frequency SCS therapy: a clinical summary. Pain Med. 2015;16(5):934-42. Clinical review
Russo M, Verrills P, Mitchell B, Salmon J, Barnard A, Santarelli D. High frequency spinal cord stimulation at 10 khz for the treatment of chronic pain: 6-month Australian clinical experience. Pain Physician. 2016;19(4):267-80. Wrong study design
Shamji MF, Rodriguez J, Shcharinsky A, Paul D. High rates of undiagnosed psychological distress exist in a referral population for spinal cord stimulation in the management of chronic pain. Neuromodulation. 2016;19(4):414-21. Not 10-kHz high-frequency SCS
Simopoulos T, Yong RJ, Gill JS. Treatment of chronic refractory neuropathic pelvic pain with high-frequency 10-kilohertz spinal cord stimulation. Pain Pract. 2018;18(6):805-9. Wrong study design
Sitzman BT, Kapural L, Yu G, Doust MW. Long-term outcomes of predominant leg pain and predominant back pain cohorts from a multicentre randomized controlled pivotal trial (SENZA-RCT) Comparing 10-kHz high-frequency and conventional low-frequency spinal cord stimulation. Neurotherapeutics. 2016;13 (3):654-5. Abstract
Smith H, Youn Y, Pilitsis JG. Successful use of high-frequency spinal cord stimulation following conventional treatment failure. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg. 2015;93(3):190-3. Not 10-kHz high-frequency SCS (1,200 Hz)
Steinbach K, Bettstetter H, Link C. High-frequency spinal cord stimulation at 10 kHz for the treatment of chronic neuropathic pain after a II-III degree burn. Pain Med. 2017;18(9):1826-8. Wrong study design
Tiede J, Brown L, Gekht G, Vallejo R, Yearwood T, Morgan D. Novel spinal cord stimulation parameters in patients with predominant back pain. Neuromodulation. 2013;16(4):370-5. Wrong study design
Torre-Amione G, Alo K, Estep JD, Valderrabano M, Khalil N, Farazi TG, et al. Spinal cord stimulation is safe and feasible in patients with advanced heart failure: early clinical experience. Eur J Heart Fail. 2014;16(7):788-95. Not 10-kHz high-frequency SCS (50 Hz)
Van Buyten JP, Wille F, Smet I, Wensing C, Breel J, Karst E, et al. Therapy-related explants after spinal cord stimulation: results of an international retrospective chart review study. Neuromodulation. 2017;20(7):642-9. Wrong study design
Weiner RL, Yeung A, Montes Garcia C, Tyler Perryman L, Speck B. Treatment of FBSS low back pain with a novel percutaneous DRG wireless stimulator: pilot and feasibility study. Pain Med. 2016;17(10):1911-6. Not 10-kHz high-frequency SCS (1,500 Hz)
Youn Y, Smith H, Morris B, Argoff C, Pilitsis JG. The effect of high-frequency stimulation on sensory thresholds in chronic pain patients. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg. 2015;93(5):355-9. Not 10-kHz high-frequency SCS (1,200 Hz)

Abbreviation: SCS, spinal cord stimulation.