| Indication for catheterization |
Routine catheterization often has more risks than benefits. The need for catheterization should always be critically considered. |
| Duration of catheterization |
CA-UTI is more common when catheters are left in place for longer times. The duration of catheterization should, therefore, be kept as short as possible. |
| Peri- and postoperative catheterization |
No randomized trials in urology were carried out on this topic in the period of the publications reviewed here, so no statement for clinical practice can be made. |
| Transurethral vs. suprapubic catheterization |
Transurethral catheters probably have no advantage over suprapubic ones. |
| Clamping vs. free urinary drainage |
The current evidence does not justify any recommendation. |
| Irrigation vs. no irrigation |
The current evidence does not justify any recommendation. |
| Antibiotic prophylaxis |
Antibiotic prophylaxis lessens the frequency of CA-UTI. |
| Antiseptic-impregnated catheters |
The current evidence does not justify any recommendation. |
| Antiseptic- vs. antibiotic-impregnated catheters |
The evidence is limited. Antibiotic-impregnated catheters may be advantageous. |
| Cleansing/disinfection of the urethral orifice |
No significant differences have been demonstrated among the various methods of cleansing and/or disinfecting the external urethral orifice. |
| Phytotherapy as prophylaxis |
The evidence regarding cranberry products is mixed. |
